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Melochia tomentosa; photograph (c) Jose Luis Leon de la Luz, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Jose Luis Leon de la Luz, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-09-11

Melochia tomentosa L.

Teabush; Black Torch; Black Widow; Gulf teabush

Malvaceae · Texas, Florida +33

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Melochia tomentosa, photograph (c) Alex Doyle, some rights reserved (CC BY)Melochia tomentosa, photograph (c) Alex Doyle, some rights reserved (CC BY)Melochia tomentosa, photograph (c) Craig Hensley, some rights reserved (CC BY)Melochia tomentosa, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedMelochia tomentosa, photograph (c) Jose Luis Leon de la Luz, some rights reserved (CC BY)Melochia tomentosa, photograph (c) Jose Luis Leon de la Luz, some rights reserved (CC BY) 75 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
10.5°C
Record low 5.9 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
31°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
687mm
7 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
27–45DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes June to October, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (458 mm of 610 mm) falls in June to October, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 27.2 °C against a yearly mean of 24.4 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to April.

Rain

610 mm in the median year at the habitat, 458 mm of it June to October. Wettest month September at 139 mm, driest month March at 9 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 211 mm to 1,314 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 687 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 610 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 27 to 45 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 23, the highest 90th-percentile month 52).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 10.5 °C, the absolute minimum 5.9 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 40.2 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 16.6 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 11.3 °C to 23.8 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 30.7 °C in August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 10.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 56 to 63% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -429 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Melochia tomentosa through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 31 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 16.6 °C; 610 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.0°10°20°30°40°50°40.2° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER5.9° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200250mm rainDLI 27–45RH 56–63%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 692 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C25 / 21–2926 / 22–3027 / 23–3229 / 25–3430 / 27–3530 / 27–3531 / 27–3531 / 28–3430 / 28–3329 / 27–3127 / 25–3026 / 21–29
Night °C17 / 11–2417 / 12–2418 / 13–2420 / 15–2521 / 17–2524 / 19–2625 / 19–2725 / 19–2724 / 19–2723 / 18–2620 / 15–2518 / 12–24
Rain mm25 / 9–6013 / 6–519 / 2–5817 / 1–7344 / 0–11874 / 1–20478 / 16–191102 / 37–208139 / 50–22665 / 15–16423 / 8–13021 / 10–80
DLI29 / 24–3435 / 29–3842 / 35–4445 / 38–4943 / 40–5242 / 36–5242 / 36–4741 / 35–4437 / 32–4034 / 30–3730 / 26–3427 / 23–32
RH %58 / 52–6357 / 50–6256 / 48–6256 / 46–6358 / 46–6461 / 49–6561 / 53–6662 / 55–6663 / 57–6761 / 53–6659 / 52–6458 / 53–63
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 692 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (1103 records in those cells; 17 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1443:1608 (17.825, -99.575). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 5.9 °C, 1st-percentile night 10.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 40.2 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 692 distinct grid cells holding 1103 of the 1127 in-range records (17 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1443:1608 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 18.00_-99.375, lapse-corrected -429 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 853 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeTexas, Florida, Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Aruba, Bahamas, Cayman Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Is. AB Ant, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Turks-Caicos Is., Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is., Surinam, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Brazil West-Central, Brazil Northeast · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker24.093, -110.231 · in the densest population, 327 records (19% of those in range)
Doubtfully present inFrench Guiana · recorded by WCVP as doubtfully present: not part of the range records are tested against
Kew's description“subshrub or shrub” · “seasonally dry tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1723 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1103 of them in the land cells it reads, of 1127 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 1081 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 9 km away. 5 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 596 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1723 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Melochia tomentosa, photograph 1did not loadMelochia tomentosa, photograph 2did not loadMelochia tomentosa, photograph 3did not loadMelochia tomentosa, photograph 4did not loadMelochia tomentosa, photograph 5did not loadMelochia tomentosa, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Alex Doyle, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Craig Hensley, some rights reserved (CC BY); author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0; (c) Jose Luis Leon de la Luz, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Stylosanthes viscosa Stylosanthes viscosa Poorman's friend Photo: CC BY, Robin WhiteAntigonon leptopus Antigonon leptopus Coral vine Photo: CC BY, Neesy TompkinsIpomoea quamoclit Ipomoea quamoclit Cypressvine Photo: CC BY, Jose Antonio Aranda PinedaIpomoea triloba Ipomoea triloba Little-bell Photo: CC BY, 祐Malvastrum americanum Malvastrum americanum Indian Valley false mallow Photo: CC BY, Em LamondPithecellobium dulce Pithecellobium dulce Monkeypod Photo: CC BY, Jacky Judas

Other Melochia 7 in the reference

Melochia betonicifolia Melochia betonicifolia Malvaceae Photo: CC BY, Alex Popovkin, Bahia, BrazilMelochia corchorifolia Melochia corchorifolia Chocolateweed Photo: CC BY, Jerome KoMelochia nodiflora Melochia nodiflora Bretonica prieta Photo: CC BY-SA, Kurt MillerMelochia parvifolia Melochia parvifolia Malvaceae Photo: CC BY, Andrés Ramírez-BarreraMelochia pyramidata Melochia pyramidata Pyramidflower Photo: CC BY, Sam KieschnickMelochia spicata Melochia spicata Bretonica peluda Photo: CC0, author not statedMelochia umbellata Melochia umbellata Hierba del soldado Photo: CC BY, Anders Hastings

Names & registers

Also known as Melochia arida; Melochia crenata; Melochia diffusa; Melochia hypoleuca; Melochia plicata and 10 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Malvaceae
Described by
L.
Native to
Texas, Florida, Mexico Central +32
Wild records
1723 in range · 1081 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 16 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (14 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 2 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 18.00_-99.375, lapse-corrected -429 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 147 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…