Species
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Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser

Kadam, Leichhardt-pine, burflower-tree, cadamba

Climate known 66 photographs
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Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Neolamarckia cadamba, with English common names burflower-tree, laran, and Leichhardt pine, and called kadamba or kadam or cadamba locally, is an evergreen, tropical tree native to South and Southeast Asia. The genus name honours French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. It has scented orange flowers in dense globe-shaped clusters. The flowers are used in perfumes. More on Wikipedia ›

The opening of Wikipedia, “Neolamarckia cadamba”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Neolamarckia

Neolamarckia is a genus with one or two species of trees native to the Old World tropics. It has often been confused with other genera, particularly Nauclea and Neonauclea to such an extent that descriptions of Neolamarckia may state incorrectly that its fruit is a capsule.

Text from Wikipedia, “Neolamarckia”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Rubiaceae
Described by
(Roxb.) Bosser
Native to
China South-Central, China Southeast, Assam +19
Wild records
793 in range· 571 open

At a glance

Warmest month
33°C
Apr, mean day; nights 23 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1345mm/yr
8 wet months · peak Jul 303 mm (CHELSA)
Light
27–43DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: a summer growing season, June to September in the northern hemisphere (June to September at the habitat, northern). Habitat rain 1345 mm a year, wettest July at 303 mm, driest December at 12 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 27 to 43 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 10.4 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq.; Anthocephalus indicus var. glabrescens H.L.Li; Anthocephalus indicus var. macrophyllus Pierre; Anthocephalus indicus var. macrophyllus Pierre ex Pit.; Anthocephalus morindifolius Korth. and 5 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, June to September in the northern hemisphere (June to September at the habitat, northern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (979 mm of 1345 mm) falls in June to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 27.2 °C against a yearly mean of 25.5 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to March.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1345 mm a year, wettest July at 303 mm, driest December at 12 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1345 mm a year at the habitat, 979 mm of it June to September. Wettest month July at 303 mm, driest December at 12 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 834 mm to 3174 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 27 to 43 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 27 to 43 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 22, the highest 90th-percentile month 47).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 10.4 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 10.4 °C, the absolute minimum 6.1 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 44.7 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 15.1 °C in January (across the envelope cells 8.3 °C to 22.8 °C), warmest day 33.3 °C in April (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 10.4 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 54 to 67% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 27 °C in Dec to 33 °C in Apr; mean night from 15 °C in Jan to 25 °C in Jun. The cold quarter, Dec to Feb, is the three months around the coldest night. 1345 mm of rain a year, most in Jul. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 553 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 6.1 °C and the 99th-percentile day 44.7 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.10°20°30°40°50°44.7° 99th-percentile day (undated)6.1° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0200400600800mm rainDLI 27–43RH 54–67 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 553 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C27 / 20–3029 / 22–3232 / 26–3533 / 28–3833 / 28–3931 / 27–3730 / 26–3329 / 26–3230 / 27–3230 / 26–3228 / 25–3027 / 21–29
Night °C15 / 8–2317 / 11–2320 / 15–2423 / 19–2625 / 21–2725 / 20–2824 / 20–2724 / 20–2624 / 19–2521 / 18–2518 / 14–2415 / 10–23
Rain mm14 / 2–20119 / 1–18021 / 2–20440 / 3–22893 / 14–292188 / 65–535303 / 95–758273 / 118–557215 / 115–384131 / 26–30236 / 7–26312 / 4–248
DLI31 / 23–3636 / 28–4040 / 32–4443 / 32–4641 / 31–4732 / 26–3927 / 23–3427 / 23–3430 / 26–3532 / 27–3530 / 25–3329 / 22–33
RH %57 / 50–6754 / 47–6754 / 44–6758 / 41–6760 / 44–6864 / 52–7067 / 61–7267 / 63–7166 / 61–7062 / 52–6958 / 50–6856 / 50–67

Each figure is the median across the 553 grid cells holding the 779 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1365:5060 (21.725, 73.025). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 6.1 °C, 1st-percentile night 10.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 44.7 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 553 distinct grid cells holding the 779 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1365:5060 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 21.50_73.125, lapse-corrected -26 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 17 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeChina South-Central, China Southeast, Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Andaman Is., Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Nicobar Is., Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Sulawesi, Sumatera, New Guinea· introduced: El Salvador, Guatemala
Kew's description“tree” · “wet tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker12.908, 77.688 · in the densest population, 315 records (40% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 793 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 571 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 8 km away. 46 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 14 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 793 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Neolamarckia cadambaNeolamarckia cadambaNeolamarckia cadambaNeolamarckia cadambaNeolamarckia cadambaNeolamarckia cadambaNeolamarckia cadambaNeolamarckia cadamba

Photographs: no rights reserved · CC0 (4); (c) Ramesh Shenai, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Raja Sekhar Chimirala, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Aparna, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Neolamarckia cadamba, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Neolamarckia cadamba alkaloids as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1M HCl media
Pandian Bothi Raja, Ahmad Kaleem Qureshi, Afidah Abdul Rahim, Hasnah Osman (2012) · Corrosion Science
The adsorption-desorption-regeneration pathway to a circular economy: The role of waste-derived adsorbents on chromium removal
Despina A. Gkika, Athanasia K. Tolkou, Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis, George Z. Kyzas (2025) · Separation and Purification Technology
Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Neolamarckia cadamba: A review
Arti Pandey, Pradeep Singh Negi (2016) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Soil nitrogen availability determines the CO2 fertilization effect on tree species (Neolamarckia cadamba): growth and physiological evidence
Manish Kumar Singh, Hukum Singh, Amit Kumar, Narendra Kumar (2024) · Environmental Sustainability
Hierarchically Porous Carbon Derived from Neolamarckia cadamba for Electrochemical Capacitance and Hydrogen Storage
Wenqiang Hu, Jianyu Huang, Peifeng Yu, Mingtao Zheng (2019) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
Fermentation dynamics and diversity of bacterial community in four typical woody forages
Ying Chao Zhang, Dong Xia Li, Xuekai Wang, Yan Li Lin (2019) · Annals of Microbiology

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not asked
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 48 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.