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Nicotiana quadrivalvis; photograph (c) Brian Finzel, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) CC BY-SA(c) Brian Finzel, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) · observed growing wild · 2026-05-29

Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh

Indian tobacco

Solanaceae · Oregon, Arizona +2

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Nicotiana quadrivalvis, photograph (c) Brian Finzel, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Nicotiana quadrivalvis, photograph (c) Brian Finzel, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Nicotiana quadrivalvis, photograph (c) Brian Finzel, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Nicotiana quadrivalvis, photograph (c) Brian Finzel, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Nicotiana quadrivalvis, photograph (c) Brian Finzel, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Nicotiana quadrivalvis, photograph (c) Brian Finzel, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) 101 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-2.1°C
Record low -7.5 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
31°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
441mm
6 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
18–53DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes December to March, read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Nicotiana quadrivalvis is a species of wild tobacco known as Indian tobacco. The variety N. quadrivalvis var. multivalvis is known by the common name Columbian tobacco. It is endemic to the western United States, where it grows in many types of habitat. It is a bushy, sprawling annual herb growing up to two meters in maximum height. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Nicotiana quadrivalvis", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Nicotiana

Nicotiana is a genus of herbaceous plants and shrubs in the family Solanaceae that is indigenous to the Americas, Australia, Southwestern Africa and the South Pacific. Various Nicotiana species, commonly referred to as tobacco plants, are cultivated by humans.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Nicotiana", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (317 mm of 434 mm) falls in December to March, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 10.3 °C against a yearly mean of 15.9 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: June to September.

Rain

434 mm in the median year at the habitat, 317 mm of it December to March. Wettest month February at 92 mm, driest month July at 1 mm; 3 months under 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 296 mm to 862 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 441 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 434 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 18 to 53 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 12, the highest 90th-percentile month 55).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -2.1 °C, the absolute minimum -7.5 °C, 701 frost nights in 44 years, 15.9 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 41.4 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 4.3 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 0.8 °C to 7.6 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 31.3 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -2.1 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 50 to 57% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -79 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Nicotiana quadrivalvis through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 31 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 4.3 °C; 434 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-10°0°10°20°30°40°50°frost41.4° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-7.5° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 18–53RH 50–57%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 424 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C15 / 12–1816 / 13–1818 / 15–2021 / 18–2324 / 21–2828 / 23–3231 / 26–3531 / 26–3529 / 25–3224 / 21–2719 / 16–2115 / 12–18
Night °C4 / 1–85 / 2–87 / 3–108 / 5–1111 / 8–1314 / 12–1617 / 14–1918 / 14–1916 / 13–1812 / 9–147 / 4–115 / 1–8
Rain mm87 / 56–16792 / 61–15769 / 45–11931 / 20–6010 / 6–303 / 2–91 / 0–72 / 1–86 / 5–1222 / 14–4442 / 28–10369 / 44–165
DLI20 / 14–2125 / 20–2734 / 30–3643 / 39–4549 / 47–5153 / 51–5552 / 50–5347 / 46–4940 / 38–4130 / 27–3222 / 17–2418 / 12–20
RH %56 / 51–6257 / 53–6157 / 53–6255 / 50–6054 / 47–6152 / 44–6150 / 43–6051 / 43–6051 / 44–6052 / 47–5954 / 49–5955 / 50–61
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 424 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (782 records in those cells; 1 more cell holds records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cell is left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1099:1210 (35.025, -119.475). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -7.5 °C, 1st-percentile night -2.1 °C, 99th-percentile day 41.4 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 424 distinct grid cells holding 782 of the 783 in-range records (1 further cell with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1099:1210 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 35.00_-119.375, lapse-corrected -79 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 705 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeOregon, Arizona, California, Nevada · introduced: British Columbia, Washington · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker33.752, -117.672 · in the densest population, 597 records (59% of those in range)
Kew's description“annual” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1010 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 782 of them in the land cells it reads, of 783 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 141 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 13 km away. 102 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 227 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1010 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Nicotiana quadrivalvis, photograph 1did not loadNicotiana quadrivalvis, photograph 2did not loadNicotiana quadrivalvis, photograph 3did not loadNicotiana quadrivalvis, photograph 4did not loadNicotiana quadrivalvis, photograph 5did not loadNicotiana quadrivalvis, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Brian Finzel, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (6).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Castilleja exserta Castilleja exserta Purple owl-clover Photo: CC0, author not statedNassella cernua Nassella cernua Nodding needlegrass Photo: CC BY, Sula VanderplankEriogonum gracile Eriogonum gracile Slender buckwheat Photo: CC BY, Irina MitineEriogonum elongatum Eriogonum elongatum Long-stem wild buckwheat Photo: CC0, author not statedMalacothamnus davidsonii Malacothamnus davidsonii Davidson's bushmallow Photo: CC0, author not statedBrickellia nevinii Brickellia nevinii Nevin's brickellbush Photo: CC BY, plantcollector

Other Nicotiana 28 in the reference

Nicotiana acuminata Nicotiana acuminata Manyflower tobacco Photo: CC BY, Deb KempNicotiana africana Nicotiana africana African Tobacco Photo: CC BY-SA, SAplantsNicotiana alata Nicotiana alata Sweet tobacco Photo: CC0, author not statedNicotiana attenuata Nicotiana attenuata Coyote tobacco Photo: CC BY, Parker James LloydNicotiana benthamiana Nicotiana benthamiana Solanaceae Photo: CC BY, Steve WylieNicotiana cordifolia Nicotiana cordifolia Solanaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedNicotiana forsteri Nicotiana forsteri Debney's tobacco Photo: CC BY, Thomas MesaglioNicotiana glauca Nicotiana glauca Tree tobacco Photo: CC BY, i_c_riddellNicotiana glutinosa Nicotiana glutinosa Tobacco Photo: CC0, author not statedNicotiana knightiana Nicotiana knightiana Solanaceae Photo: CC BY, Ben Lyle BedardNicotiana langsdorffii Nicotiana langsdorffii Solanaceae Photo: CC BY, naturewatchwidowNicotiana longiflora Nicotiana longiflora Longflower tobacco Photo: CC BY, RAP all 29 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Amphipleis quadrivalvis; Dictyocalyx multivalvis; Dictyocalyx quadrivalvis; Nicotiana bigelovii subsp. multivalvis; Nicotiana bigelovii subsp. quadrivalvis and 11 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Solanaceae
Described by
Pursh
Native to
Oregon, Arizona, California +1
Wild records
1010 in range · 141 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 61 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (26 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 34 at a herbarium, 1 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 35.00_-119.375, lapse-corrected -79 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 49 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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