Example ⟳ +
An example collection, so you can see what this page does. Nothing added here is kept: leaving deletes it.

Nothofagus × leoni Espinosa

Nothofagaceae · Chile Central

A hybrid: N. glauca × N. obliqua, the parents Kew's World Checklist states for it (WCVP, RBG Kew).

Photographs not checked iNaturalist was skipped (not asked) when this page was built. Not asked, or not answered, is not "none": nothing here claims there is none. Why the site says it this way.
Add one to my plants
Sow seed
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
0.1°C
Record low -3.8 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
24°C
Jan and Feb at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,135mm
8 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
13–56DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes November to February (May to August at the habitat), read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 5 records in 4 grid cells. The records.

Summary

Nothofagus × leoni is a hybrid tree in the family Nothofagaceae. It is a naturally occurring interspecific hybrid of Nothofagus glauca and Nothofagus obliqua which is endemic to central Chile. It is a characteristic tree of the Maulino forest, a plant community of the Chilean Coast Range.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Nothofagus × leoni", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Nothofagus

Nothofagus, also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere, found across southern South America and eastern and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, and New Caledonia. The species are ecological dominants in many temperate forests in these regions. Some species are reportedly naturalised in Germany and Great Britain. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Nothofagus", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (852 mm of 1,137 mm) falls in May to August, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 9.1 °C against a yearly mean of 12.6 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: November to February.

Rain

1,137 mm in the median year at the habitat, 852 mm of it May to August. Wettest month June at 251 mm, driest month January at 8 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 935 mm to 2,334 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,135 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,137 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 13 to 56 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 13, the highest 90th-percentile month 57).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 0.1 °C, the absolute minimum -3.8 °C, 148 frost nights in 44 years, 3.4 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 39.0 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 4.5 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range 2.5 °C to 6.1 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 24.3 °C in January (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 0.1 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 55 to 65% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -91 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 5 records in 4 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Nothofagus × leoni through the yearWarmest months January and February, mean daily high 24 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low 4.5 °C; 1,137 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost39.0° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-3.8° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500600mm rainDLI 13–56RH 55–65%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 4 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C24 / 21–2724 / 21–2722 / 20–2418 / 17–2015 / 14–1612 / 12–1412 / 12–1313 / 12–1515 / 14–1717 / 16–2020 / 18–2323 / 20–26
Night °C13 / 12–1413 / 12–1312 / 10–129 / 8–107 / 6–86 / 4–75 / 3–65 / 3–66 / 4–78 / 6–89 / 8–1011 / 11–12
Rain mm8 / 6–2014 / 11–3023 / 17–5863 / 51–146231 / 197–436251 / 206–513217 / 178–415153 / 124–32385 / 70–18055 / 44–12425 / 20–6112 / 9–32
DLI56 / 56–5650 / 49–5039 / 38–3927 / 26–2717 / 17–1813 / 13–1415 / 15–1621 / 20–2231 / 30–3241 / 40–4252 / 51–5256 / 56–57
RH %55 / 53–5656 / 54–5758 / 56–5860 / 59–6164 / 61–6565 / 62–6564 / 61–6464 / 60–6462 / 60–6261 / 59–6158 / 56–5956 / 54–57
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 4 grid cells holding the 5 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2516:2166 (-35.825, -71.675). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -3.8 °C, 1st-percentile night 0.1 °C, 99th-percentile day 39.0 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 4 distinct grid cells holding 5 of the 5 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2516:2166 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -36.00_-71.875, lapse-corrected -91 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 127 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeChile Central · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-35.7, -71.107 · in the densest population, 7 records (100% of those in range)
Kew's description“tree” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 7 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 5 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 1 openly licensed one, which alone would put the marker 82 km away. 1 record outside the WCVP native range not used. Under a dozen records behind the map and the climate. 2 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 7 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Not checked. iNaturalist was skipped (not asked) when this page was built; GBIF's observation records with coordinates hold none. Not a statement that none exist.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Proustia pyrifolia Proustia pyrifolia Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Bruno AvilezCitronella mucronata Citronella mucronata Chilean citronella tree Photo: CC BY, Daniel Nuñez MicheaMaytenus boaria Maytenus boaria Mayten Photo: CC BY, nitsuga74Nothofagus glauca Nothofagus glauca Nothofagaceae Photo: CC BY, Cesar OrmazabalNothofagus alessandrii Nothofagus alessandrii Nothofagaceae Photo: CC BY, Cesar OrmazabalColletia ulicina Colletia ulicina Rhamnaceae Photo: CC BY, Cesar Ormazabal

Other Nothofagus 18 in the reference

Nothofagus alessandrii Nothofagus alessandrii Nothofagaceae Photo: CC BY, Cesar OrmazabalNothofagus alpina Nothofagus alpina Rauli Photo: CC BY-SA, Grzegorz GrzejszczakNothofagus antarctica Nothofagus antarctica Antarctic beech Photo: CC BY-SA, Grzegorz GrzejszczakNothofagus betuloides Nothofagus betuloides Magellan's Beech Photo: CC BY, Sebastián Saiter V.Nothofagus cliffortioides Nothofagus cliffortioides Mountain Beech Photo: CC BY, Rick FieldNothofagus cunninghamii Nothofagus cunninghamii Myrtle beech Photo: CC BY, Eamonn CulhaneNothofagus dombeyi Nothofagus dombeyi Coigue Photo: CC BY-SA, Grzegorz GrzejszczakNothofagus fusca Nothofagus fusca Red beech Photo: CC BY, Saryu Mae 前 朝琉Nothofagus glauca Nothofagus glauca Nothofagaceae Photo: CC BY, Cesar OrmazabalNothofagus gunnii Nothofagus gunnii Tanglefoot Photo: CC BY, Corey O'BrienNothofagus macrocarpa Nothofagus macrocarpa Nothofagaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Grzegorz GrzejszczakNothofagus menziesii Nothofagus menziesii Silver beech Photo: CC0, author not stated all 19 ›

Names & registers

GBIFPOWOIPNIWikipedia POWO and IPNI by the numbers of Kew's entry for this hybrid

The record

Family
Nothofagaceae
Described by
Espinosa
Native to
Chile Central
Wild records
7 in range · 1 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -36.00_-71.875, lapse-corrected -91 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22Wikipedia redirects Nothofagus leoni to Nothofagus × leoni, this species' name
iNaturalist taxon inat.taxon not asked
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
Wikimedia Commons commons nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 4 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…