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Opuntia deamii; photograph author not stated, no rights reserved CC0author not stated, no rights reserved · observed growing wild · 2026-02-13

Opuntia deamii Rose

Cactaceae · Mexico Southeast, Guatemala +1 · listed by its genus as a cactus or succulent

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Sow seed
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
10.2°C
Record low 6.7 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
28°C
Apr at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,395mm
8 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
29–42DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
A rainy season, June to October, neither the cool nor the warm half of the year. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 10 records in 9 grid cells. The records.

About the genus · Opuntia

Opuntia, commonly called the prickly pear cactus, is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae, many known for their flavorful fruit and showy flowers. Between 8,000 and 9,000 years ago, the Opuntia prickly pear cactus was domesticated in central Mexico. Cacti are native to the Americas, and are well adapted to arid climates; however, they are still vulnerable to alterations in precipitation and temperature driven by climate change. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Opuntia", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Grouped as a cactus or succulent, listed under the genus Opuntia in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “succulent shrub”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads a rainy season with no name: 70% of the median year's rain (1,016 mm of 1,309 mm) falls in June to October, whose mean temperature, 20.4 °C, is within half a degree of the year's, 20.0 °C, so it is neither the cooler nor the warmer part of the year. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to April.

Rain

1,309 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,016 mm of it June to October. Wettest months (2 at 246 mm), driest month January at 10 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 962 mm to 1,757 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,395 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,309 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 29 to 42 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 28, the highest 90th-percentile month 44).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 10.2 °C, the absolute minimum 6.7 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 33.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 13.0 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 10.9 °C to 16.1 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 28.3 °C in April (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 10.2 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 55 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +421 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the genus Opuntia in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “succulent shrub”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 10 records in 9 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Opuntia deamii through the yearWarmest month April, mean daily high 28 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 13.0 °C; 1,309 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.5°10°15°20°25°30°35°33.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER6.7° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 29–42RH 55–66%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 9 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C24 / 21–2625 / 22–2827 / 24–3028 / 26–3127 / 25–3025 / 23–2825 / 23–2826 / 23–2824 / 22–2824 / 21–2723 / 21–2624 / 21–26
Night °C13 / 11–1613 / 11–1714 / 12–1716 / 14–1917 / 15–2017 / 15–2016 / 15–1916 / 15–1916 / 15–1916 / 14–1915 / 12–1814 / 11–17
Rain mm10 / 5–5213 / 5–5020 / 6–3841 / 20–55140 / 89–171246 / 184–303171 / 123–245203 / 132–277246 / 177–321150 / 86–20850 / 23–9719 / 8–67
DLI31 / 29–3336 / 34–3740 / 39–4242 / 41–4439 / 37–4135 / 31–3837 / 35–3938 / 34–3933 / 29–3631 / 29–3229 / 28–3229 / 28–31
RH %59 / 57–6356 / 55–6155 / 54–5856 / 55–5961 / 57–6366 / 62–6863 / 60–6664 / 61–6766 / 64–7166 / 63–7062 / 60–6661 / 58–64
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 9 grid cells holding the 10 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1517:1857 (14.125, -87.125). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 6.7 °C, 1st-percentile night 10.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 33.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 9 distinct grid cells holding 10 of the 10 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1517:1857 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 14.00_-86.875, lapse-corrected +421 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 1354 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeMexico Southeast, Guatemala, Honduras · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker15.16, -90.607 · in the densest population, 14 records (70% of those in range)
Kew's description“succulent shrub” · “seasonally dry tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 20 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 10 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 14 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 4 km away. 1 record outside the WCVP native range not used. Under a dozen records behind the climate. 10 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 20 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Achimenes erecta Achimenes erecta Gesneriaceae Photo: CC BY, Codrin BucurEcheveria prunina Echeveria prunina Crassulaceae Photo: CC BY, Neptalí Ramírez MarcialYucca gigantea Yucca gigantea Spineless Yucca Photo: CC0, author not statedCatopsis subulata Catopsis subulata Bromeliaceae Photo: CC BY, Isaac KroneTrichocentrum splendidum Trichocentrum splendidum Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Arne and Bent Larsen, Haarby, DenmarkAdiantum concinnum Adiantum concinnum Polished maidenhair Photo: CC BY, Carlos Domínguez-Rodríguez

Other Opuntia 93 in the reference

Opuntia aciculata Opuntia aciculata Chenille prickly-pear Photo: CC BY-SA, Juan Cruzado CortésOpuntia × aequatorialis Opuntia × aequatorialis Ecuadorian Pricklypear Photo: CC BY, Jacob SaucierOpuntia × alta Opuntia × alta Texas Plains Pricklypear Photo: CC BY-SA, Turner BrockmanOpuntia anahuacensis Opuntia anahuacensis Cactaceae Photo: CC BY, Jamie KingscottOpuntia arechavaletae Opuntia arechavaletae Cactaceae Photo: CC BY, Diogo LuizOpuntia arenaria Opuntia arenaria Cactaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, user:sadambioOpuntia atrispina Opuntia atrispina Border Prickly-pear Photo: CC BY-SA, Turner BrockmanOpuntia auberi Opuntia auberi Cactaceae Photo: CC BY, WildLife MxOpuntia aurantiaca Opuntia aurantiaca Jointed pricklypear Photo: CC BY, Corey O'BrienOpuntia aurea Opuntia aurea Golden Prickly-pear Photo: CC BY, Andrew DudleyOpuntia aureispina Opuntia aureispina Golden-spined prickly-pear Photo: CC0, Robert CreechOpuntia austrina Opuntia austrina Devil's-Tongue Photo: CC0, author not stated all 94 ›

Names & registers

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Cactaceae
Described by
Rose
Native to
Mexico Southeast, Guatemala, Honduras
Wild records
20 in range · 14 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 14.00_-86.875, lapse-corrected +421 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rules
Wikimedia Commons commons nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 6 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

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