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Osmunda banksiifolia; photograph Kevin Faccenda, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF CC BYKevin Faccenda, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF

Osmunda banksiifolia (C.Presl) Kuhn

· doubtful

Osmundaceae · Kamchatka, China Southeast +8 · listed by its genus as a fern or moss

Cited as Kew's World Checklist cites it, Osmunda banksiifolia (C.Presl) Kuhn: GBIF's backbone key for this page carries the name with another author, Pr.

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Osmunda banksiifolia, photograph Kevin Faccenda, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFOsmunda banksiifolia, photograph Kevin Faccenda, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFOsmunda banksiifolia, photograph Cheng-Te Hsu, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFOsmunda banksiifolia, photograph Cheng-Te Hsu, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFOsmunda banksiifolia, photograph Cheng-Te Hsu, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFOsmunda banksiifolia, photograph Cheng-Te Hsu, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF 24 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
7.8°C
Record low 3.0 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
28°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
3,116mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
16–37DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes May to October, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Plenasium banksiifolium is a fern in the family Osmundaceae. The genus Plenasium is recognized in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I); however, some sources place all Plenasium species in a more broadly defined Osmunda, treating this species as Osmunda banksiifolia. It is native along the Pacific coast of Asia, being found in the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, southeast China, Taiwan, the Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi and Java. P. banksiifolium, which can reach a height of 1.5 m, is the largest species in the genus and has ornamental value.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Plenasium banksiifolium", CC BY-SA 4.0; its title is one of this species' older names (GBIF Backbone), which is the proof that the article is this species'.

Cultivation

Grouped as a fern or moss, listed under the genus Osmunda in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “perennial”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (2,198 mm of 3,075 mm) falls in May to October, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 25.0 °C against a yearly mean of 21.2 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to April.

Rain

3,075 mm in the median year at the habitat, 2,198 mm of it May to October. Wettest month September at 462 mm, driest month December at 94 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 2,311 mm to 4,328 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 3,116 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 3,075 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 16 to 37 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 12, the highest 90th-percentile month 39).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 7.8 °C, the absolute minimum 3.0 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 33.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 11.6 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 5.6 °C to 16.1 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 28.2 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 7.8 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 64 to 68% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -88 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the genus Osmunda in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “perennial”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Osmunda banksiifolia through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 28 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 11.6 °C; 3,075 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.0°10°20°30°40°33.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER3.0° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0200400600800mm rainDLI 16–37RH 64–68%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 145 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C17 / 12–2018 / 12–2120 / 15–2423 / 18–2625 / 21–2727 / 24–2928 / 26–3028 / 25–3027 / 24–2824 / 21–2722 / 17–2418 / 13–21
Night °C12 / 6–1613 / 6–1715 / 9–1818 / 13–2120 / 16–2322 / 18–2524 / 19–2624 / 19–2622 / 18–2520 / 16–2317 / 12–2013 / 8–17
Rain mm104 / 48–234151 / 70–292173 / 81–247206 / 123–255315 / 229–434404 / 284–568359 / 206–538405 / 282–576462 / 287–621253 / 72–541149 / 39–39894 / 43–264
DLI16 / 12–2319 / 15–2625 / 21–3130 / 26–3431 / 28–3533 / 29–3537 / 35–3934 / 31–3629 / 27–3124 / 21–2919 / 16–2416 / 13–22
RH %65 / 57–7466 / 58–7467 / 60–7367 / 61–7267 / 63–7167 / 63–7167 / 64–7068 / 65–7068 / 65–7167 / 61–7366 / 60–7364 / 58–74
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 145 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (269 records in those cells; 1 more cell holds records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cell is left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1300:6027 (24.975, 121.375). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 3.0 °C, 1st-percentile night 7.8 °C, 99th-percentile day 33.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 145 distinct grid cells holding 269 of the 270 in-range records (1 further cell with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1300:6027 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 25.00_121.250, lapse-corrected -88 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 141 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeKamchatka, China Southeast, Japan, Nansei-shoto, Ogasawara-shoto, Taiwan, Borneo, Jawa, Philippines, Sulawesi · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker23.948, 121.184 · in the densest population, 445 records (61% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 734 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 269 of them in the land cells it reads, of 270 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 475 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 1202 km away. 2 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 464 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 3645851 (Plenasium banksiifolium (C.Presl) C.Presl): Kew's file holds it as Plenasium banksiifolium (C.Presl) C.Presl (synonym under Osmunda banksiifolia (C.Presl) Kuhn); 900 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 734 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Osmunda banksiifolia, photograph 1did not loadOsmunda banksiifolia, photograph 2did not loadOsmunda banksiifolia, photograph 3did not loadOsmunda banksiifolia, photograph 4did not loadOsmunda banksiifolia, photograph 5did not loadOsmunda banksiifolia, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: Kevin Faccenda, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (2); Cheng-Te Hsu, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (4).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Angiopteris lygodiifolia Angiopteris lygodiifolia Turnip fern Photo: CC BY, crothfelsDiplazium dilatatum Diplazium dilatatum Widened Twin-sorus Fern Photo: CC BY, portioidCtenitis eatonii Ctenitis eatonii Dryopteridaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, 許文俊Smilax bracteata Smilax bracteata Bearded Smilax Photo: CC BY, 呂一起(Lyu yi-chi)Pericampylus glaucus Pericampylus glaucus Native Grapes Photo: CC BY-SA, 許文俊Rhynchotechum discolor Rhynchotechum discolor Discolored Obovate Rhynchotechum Photo: CC BY, 如此甚好

Other Osmunda 7 in the reference

Osmunda claytoniana Osmunda claytoniana Osmundaceae Photo: Public domain, DaderotOsmunda japonica Osmunda japonica Asian royal fern Photo: CC BY, 岸本年郎 Osmunda javanica Osmundaceae Osmunda lancea Osmunda lancea Osmundaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, KeisotyoOsmunda regalis Osmunda regalis Royal fern Photo: CC BY, João LimaOsmunda spectabilis Osmunda spectabilis Royal fern Photo: CC BY, harrier Osmunda vachellii Osmundaceae

Names & registers

Also known as Plenasium banksiifolium; Nephrodium banksiaefolium; Nephrodium banksiifolium; Nephrodium bromeliifolium; Osmunda banksiifolia var. bromeliifolia and 8 more. (GBIF Backbone)

Under another author Asplenium aureum Blume is an older name of this species, not Asplenium aureum, a species of the reference. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Osmundaceae
Described by
(C.Presl) Kuhn
Native to
Kamchatka, China Southeast, Japan +7
Wild records
734 in range · 475 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22GBIF's key 7556775 is Osmunda banksiifolia Pr.; Kew accepts Osmunda banksiifolia (C.Presl) Kuhn, and the name is cited as Kew accepts it; its synonyms and common names are read from GBIF's Osmunda banksiifolia (C.Presl) Kuhn (3645903), which GBIF files under Plenasium banksiifolium (C.Presl) C.Presl (3645851) too
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-2214 read from GBIF's Osmunda banksiifolia (C.Presl) Kuhn (3645903), which GBIF files under Plenasium banksiifolium (C.Presl) C.Presl (3645851)
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredasked 2026-10-22GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 900 records of GBIF's key 3645851, Plenasium banksiifolium (C.Presl) C.Presl (Kew's file holds it as Plenasium banksiifolium (C.Presl) C.Presl (synonym under Osmunda banksiifolia (C.Presl) Kuhn)): GBIF occurrence search API; 9 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (4 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a herbarium, 4 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 25.00_121.250, lapse-corrected -88 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22found by its label; its IPNI identifier 17168450-1 is Kew's for Osmunda banksiifolia (C.Presl) Kuhn
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22read from the page's key and its other keys: 115 from GBIF's key 3645851
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 36 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…