Species
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Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C.Presl

Buckhorn, Cinnamon Fern, cinnamon fern, yamadori-zenmai

Climate known 12 photographs Fern or moss
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Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Osmundastrum cinnamomeum, commonly known as the cinnamon fern or the buckhorn fern, is a species of royal fern native to the Americas and Asia. It is the sole living representative of the genus Osmundastrum, which was separated from Osmunda after modern phylogenetic studies demonstrated that Osmunda was not monophyletic. In North America it occurs from southern Labrador west to Ontario, and south through the eastern United States to eastern Mexico and the West Indies; in South America it occurs west to Peru and south to Paraguay. In Asia it occurs from southeastern Siberia south through Japan, Korea, China and Taiwan to India, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.

Text from Wikipedia, “Osmundastrum cinnamomeum”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Osmundastrum

Osmundastrum is genus of leptosporangiate ferns in the family Osmundaceae with one living species, Osmundastrum cinnamomeum, the cinnamon fern. The modern species is native to the Americas and Asia, growing in swamps, bogs and moist woodlands. Fossil records of the genus extend into the Triassic.

Text from Wikipedia, “Osmundastrum”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Osmundaceae
Described by
(L.) C.Presl
Native to
Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk +79
Wild records
1928 in range· 530 open

At a glance

Warmest month
26°C
Jul, mean day; nights 18 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1241mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Jul 117 mm (CHELSA)
Light
11–39DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Grouped as a fern or moss by Osmundaceae, which is usually but not always one kind of plant (archetype table). Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 9 months (March to November in the northern hemisphere). Habitat rain 1241 mm a year, wettest July at 117 mm, driest February at 84 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 11 to 39 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 5 °C (archetype minimum for a fern or moss, above the -18.0 °C habitat night).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Osmunda cinnamomea subsp. fokienense Copel.; Osmunda cinnamomea var. cinnamomea; Osmunda cinnamomea var. fokienense Copel.; Osmunda cinnamomea var. fokienensis Copel.; Osmunda cinnamomea var. typica Fernald.

Cultivation

Grouped as a fern or moss by Osmundaceae, which is usually but not always one kind of plant (archetype table). The table supplies one figure for this group, a conventional minimum for the cold floor, and no prose.

Its year Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 9 months (March to November in the northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads no season: 70% of the year's rain (968 mm of 1241 mm) takes 9 months, March to November. Mean temperature moves 24.9 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: September to May.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1241 mm a year, wettest July at 117 mm, driest February at 84 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1241 mm a year at the habitat, 968 mm of it March to November. Wettest month July at 117 mm, driest February at 84 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 955 mm to 1633 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 11 to 39 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 11 to 39 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 8, the highest 90th-percentile month 41).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 5 °C (archetype minimum for a fern or moss, above the -18.0 °C habitat night).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is -18.0 °C, the absolute minimum -32.4 °C, about 128 frost nights a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 32.6 °C. Monthly means: coldest night -6.8 °C in January (across the envelope cells -14.3 °C to 4.9 °C), warmest day 26.3 °C in July (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 5 °C. The habitat figure, the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER), is -18.0 °C; the archetype table's conventional minimum for a fern or moss (grouped by Osmundaceae, which is usually but not always one kind of plant) is 5 °C, which is higher, and the floor rule takes the higher.

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence, and the archetype table's group minimum where that is higher. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 56 to 61% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 1 °C in Jan to 26 °C in Jul; mean night from -7 °C in Jan to 18 °C in Jul. The cold quarter, Dec to Feb, is the three months around the coldest night. 1241 mm of rain a year, most in Jul. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 1599 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was -32.4 °C and the 99th-percentile day 32.6 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.-40°-20°20°40°frost32.6° 99th-percentile day (undated)-32.4° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 11–39RH 56–61 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 1599 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C1 / -5–143 / -4–167 / 1–1914 / 7–2319 / 13–2724 / 18–3026 / 21–3126 / 21–3022 / 18–2815 / 12–249 / 5–193 / -2–15
Night °C-7 / -14–5-6 / -12–7-2 / -7–104 / -0–139 / 6–1715 / 11–2118 / 15–2317 / 15–2314 / 11–218 / 4–163 / -2–11-3 / -10–6
Rain mm88 / 54–13684 / 48–128104 / 59–138101 / 70–129106 / 83–140113 / 92–176117 / 90–192110 / 87–194109 / 93–174105 / 77–144103 / 60–146101 / 56–147
DLI13 / 10–1819 / 17–2326 / 24–3032 / 30–3736 / 34–4039 / 36–4138 / 34–4034 / 31–3527 / 24–3020 / 16–2513 / 10–2011 / 8–17
RH %59 / 57–6558 / 56–6357 / 55–6156 / 55–6158 / 56–6260 / 57–6460 / 58–6661 / 59–6661 / 58–6460 / 57–6259 / 57–6359 / 57–65

Each figure is the median across the 1599 grid cells holding the 1812 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 969:1858 (41.525, -87.075). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -32.4 °C, 1st-percentile night -18.0 °C, 99th-percentile day 32.6 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 1599 distinct grid cells holding the 1812 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 969:1858 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 41.50_-86.875, lapse-corrected +20 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 236 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeAmur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Is., Primorye, Sakhalin, China South-Central, Manchuria, China Southeast, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Assam, East Himalaya, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward I., Québec, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma, Wisconsin, Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode I., Vermont, West Virginia, Texas, Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Bermuda, Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil South, Argentina Northeast, Paraguay, Uruguay
Kew's description“perennial or rhizomatous geophyte” · “temperate”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker42.341, -71.428 · in the densest population, 605 records (31% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 1928 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 530 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 44 km away. 3 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 116 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 1928 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Osmundastrum cinnamomeumOsmundastrum cinnamomeumOsmundastrum cinnamomeumOsmundastrum cinnamomeumOsmundastrum cinnamomeumOsmundastrum cinnamomeumOsmundastrum cinnamomeumOsmundastrum cinnamomeum

Photographs: Alina Martin, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF; Liz Crafford, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (2); T. J. Samojedny, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF; Andrew Lewis, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (4).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Osmundastrum cinnamomeum, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Evolution of the eastern Asian–North American biogeographic disjunctions in ferns and lycophytes
Jianying Xiang, Jun Wen, Hua Peng (2015) · Journal of Systematics and Evolution
Cryptochlorophyllous Spores in Ferns: Nongreen Spores that Contain Chlorophyll
Michael Sundue, Alejandra Vasco, Robbin C. Moran (2011) · International Journal of Plant Sciences
The economy of reproduction in dimorphic ferns
Michael R. Britton, James E. Watkins (2016) · Annals of Botany
Complete chloroplast genome sequence of the medical fern Drynaria roosii and its phylogenetic analysis
Meiyu Sun, Jingrui Li, Dong Li, Lei Shi (2017) · Mitochondrial DNA Part B
Multifunctional chitosan-based hydrogel wound dressing loaded with Acanthopanax senticosus and Osmundastrum cinnamomeum: Preparation, characterization and coagulation mechanism
Dongxia Gou, Peng Qiu, Yufan Wang, Fandi Hong (2024) · Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials
Pheromonal Interactions among Gametophytes ofOsmundastrum cinnamomeumand the Origins of Antheridiogen Systems in Leptosporangiate Ferns
Stephanie N. Hollingsworth, Eric A. Andres, Gary K. Greer (2012) · International Journal of Plant Sciences
A New Combination in the Fern GenusOsmundastrum(Osmundaceae)
William A. McAvoy (2011) · Novon A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature
Plant survival and growth in bioretention cells under a cold climate
Jessica Champagne-Caron, Chloé Frédette, Monique Poulin, Guillaume Grégoire (2024) · Ecological Engineering

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not asked
inat.photos.wild not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: not asked: 11 wild photographs already from the GBIF download
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: filled 2026-09-20
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 111 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.