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Paeonia broteri; photograph A. Barra, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons CC BYA. Barra, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Paeonia broteri Boiss. & Reut.

Paeoniaceae · Portugal, Spain · listed by its genus as a temperate garden plant

English names not checked: Wikidata's common names were not read for this page.

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Paeonia broteri, photograph Javier martin, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsPaeonia broteri, photograph Tiu Cancho, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsPaeonia broteri, photograph Adrian198cm, Public domain, via Wikimedia CommonsPaeonia broteri, photograph Adrian198cm, Public domain, via Wikimedia CommonsPaeonia broteri, photograph Adrian198cm, Public domain, via Wikimedia CommonsPaeonia broteri, photograph Adrian198cm, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 12 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-4.2°C
Record low -9.3 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
29°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
733mm
10 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
12–50DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes October to February and April, read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Paeonia broteri is a perennial, herbaceous species of peony. It is an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula. It bears rose-pink highly fragrant flowers about 12 cm wide and glossy green leaves. It reaches up to 40 centimetres (16 in) in height.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Paeonia broteri", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Grouped as a temperate garden plant, listed under the genus Paeonia in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “perennial”, “temperate”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (528 mm of 730 mm) falls in October to February and April, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 9.3 °C against a yearly mean of 13.9 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: April to August and October.

Rain

730 mm in the median year at the habitat, 528 mm of it October to February and April. Wettest month December at 117 mm, driest month July at 8 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 542 mm to 1,106 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 733 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 730 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 12 to 50 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 10, the highest 90th-percentile month 51).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -4.2 °C, the absolute minimum -9.3 °C, 1,881 frost nights in 44 years, 42.8 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 35.5 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 1.3 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -1.6 °C to 5.2 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 29.0 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -4.2 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 47 to 63% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +105 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the genus Paeonia in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “perennial”, “temperate”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Paeonia broteri through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 29 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 1.3 °C; 730 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost35.5° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-9.3° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 12–50RH 47–63%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 710 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C10 / 6–1311 / 8–1515 / 11–1816 / 13–1920 / 17–2325 / 22–2829 / 26–3229 / 25–3225 / 22–2819 / 16–2214 / 10–1710 / 7–14
Night °C1 / -2–52 / -1–64 / 1–86 / 3–99 / 6–1214 / 10–1616 / 13–1917 / 13–1914 / 11–1710 / 7–135 / 2–93 / 0–7
Rain mm79 / 52–12767 / 48–10454 / 40–8475 / 58–10962 / 45–9228 / 14–448 / 3–1811 / 6–2239 / 31–6089 / 61–135101 / 68–147117 / 79–181
DLI15 / 12–1721 / 19–2330 / 28–3236 / 34–3942 / 40–4448 / 46–5050 / 48–5144 / 42–4634 / 32–3623 / 21–2516 / 13–1812 / 10–14
RH %62 / 59–6560 / 58–6256 / 54–6057 / 54–6055 / 53–6051 / 48–5847 / 44–5748 / 45–5752 / 50–5858 / 56–6261 / 59–6463 / 61–66
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 710 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (1332 records in those cells; 2 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 991:3451 (40.425, -7.425). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -9.3 °C, 1st-percentile night -4.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 35.5 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 710 distinct grid cells holding 1332 of the 1334 in-range records (2 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 991:3451 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 40.50_-7.500, lapse-corrected +105 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 815 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

This species has no GBIF key of its own. Its records are GBIF's under the keys of the names Kew's World Checklist holds as this plant: 3614373 (Paeonia broteri Boiss. & Reut., 2000 records), 8075229 (Paeonia mascula var. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Gürke, 0 records), 8255893 (Paeonia corallina var. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Coss., 0 records), 12278660 (Paeonia officinalis subsp. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Rivas Goday & Borja, 0 records), 12324739 (Paeonia corallina f. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Voss, 0 records). No name was matched to GBIF; the keys are read from Kew's synonymy. How.

NativePortugal, Spain · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker40.573, -4.041 · in the densest population, 1177 records (79% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1495 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1332 of them in the land cells it reads, of 1334 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 118 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 24 km away. 1 record outside the WCVP native range not used. 161 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 3614373 (Paeonia broteri Boiss. & Reut.): Kew's file holds it as Paeonia broteri Boiss. & Reut. (accepted); 2,000 records, from GBIF's download.Records also from GBIF's key 8075229 (Paeonia mascula var. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Gürke): Kew's file holds it as Paeonia mascula var. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Gürke (synonym under Paeonia broteri Boiss. & Reut.); 0 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.Records also from GBIF's key 8255893 (Paeonia corallina var. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Coss.): Kew's file holds it as Paeonia corallina var. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Coss. (synonym under Paeonia broteri Boiss. & Reut.); 0 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.Records also from GBIF's key 12278660 (Paeonia officinalis subsp. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Rivas Goday & Borja): Kew's file holds it as Paeonia officinalis subsp. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Rivas Goday & Borja (invalid under Paeonia broteri Boiss. & Reut.); 0 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.Records also from GBIF's key 12324739 (Paeonia corallina f. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Voss): Kew's file holds it as Paeonia corallina f. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Voss (synonym under Paeonia broteri Boiss. & Reut.); 0 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 1495 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Paeonia broteri, photograph 1did not loadPaeonia broteri, photograph 2did not loadPaeonia broteri, photograph 3did not loadPaeonia broteri, photograph 4did not loadPaeonia broteri, photograph 5did not loadPaeonia broteri, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: Javier martin, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Tiu Cancho, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Adrian198cm, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons (4).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Celtica gigantea Celtica gigantea Giant Needle Grass Photo: CC BY, ahaboFumaria reuteri Fumaria reuteri Martin's ramping-fumitory Photo: CC BY, Katrin SimonSalix salviifolia Salix salviifolia Salvia-leaf willow Photo: CC BY, Duarte FradeDianthus lusitanus Dianthus lusitanus Caryophyllaceae Photo: CC BY, David Pereira Allium schmitzii Amaryllidaceae Quercus rotundifolia Quercus rotundifolia Holm Oak Photo: CC BY, Gonzalo Ganda Álvarez

Other Paeonia 27 in the reference

Paeonia anomala Paeonia anomala Anomalous peony Photo: CC0, Юрий НосковPaeonia arietina Paeonia arietina Paeoniaceae Photo: CC BY, Benjamin ZwittnigPaeonia brownii Paeonia brownii Brown's peony Photo: CC0, author not statedPaeonia californica Paeonia californica Paeoniaceae Photo: CC BY, Matt BergerPaeonia cambessedesii Paeonia cambessedesii Paeoniaceae Photo: CC BY, Niko IoannidisPaeonia clusii Paeonia clusii Clusius' Peony Photo: CC0, author not statedPaeonia coriacea Paeonia coriacea Paeoniaceae Photo: CC BY, Santiago Martín-BravoPaeonia corsica Paeonia corsica Paeoniaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedPaeonia daurica Paeonia daurica Crimean peony Photo: CC BY, Сергей ГолубевPaeonia delavayi Paeonia delavayi Tree peony Photo: CC BY, Morten RossPaeonia emodi Paeonia emodi Himalayan Peony Photo: CC BY-SA, deepachandranPaeonia intermedia Paeonia intermedia Paeoniaceae Photo: CC BY, Alexander Dubynin all 28 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Paeonia lusitanica; Paeonia corallina var. broteri; Paeonia corallina; Paeonia officinalis subsp. broteri; Paeonia broteri var. ovatifolia and 9 more. (WCVP, RBG Kew)

IPNIPOWOWikidataWFOWikipedia

The record

Family
Paeoniaceae
Described by
Boiss. & Reut.
Native to
Portugal, Spain
Wild records
1495 in range · 118 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
Kew's names (WCVP) kew.names answeredas of 2026-06-04Kew's entry Paeonia broteri Boiss. & Reut. (plant_name_id 518994), read from Kew's names file
GBIF species record gbif.species not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredasked 2026-10-22this species has no GBIF key of its own; its records are read under GBIF's keys for the names Kew's file holds as this plant, never by a name matched; GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 2000 records of GBIF's key 3614373, Paeonia broteri Boiss. & Reut. (Kew's file holds it as Paeonia broteri Boiss. & Reut. (accepted)): the GBIF download; 0 records of GBIF's key 8075229, Paeonia mascula var. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Gürke (Kew's file holds it as Paeonia mascula var. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Gürke (synonym under Paeonia broteri Boiss. & Reut.)): GBIF occurrence search API; 0 records of GBIF's key 8255893, Paeonia corallina var. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Coss. (Kew's file holds it as Paeonia corallina var. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Coss. (synonym under Paeonia broteri Boiss. & Reut.)): GBIF occurrence search API; 0 records of GBIF's key 12278660, Paeonia officinalis subsp. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Rivas Goday & Borja (Kew's file holds it as Paeonia officinalis subsp. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Rivas Goday & Borja (invalid under Paeonia broteri Boiss. & Reut.)): GBIF occurrence search API; 0 records of GBIF's key 12324739, Paeonia corallina f. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Voss (Kew's file holds it as Paeonia corallina f. broteri (Boiss. & Reut.) Voss (synonym under Paeonia broteri Boiss. & Reut.)): GBIF occurrence search API; 16 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (16 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 40.50_-7.500, lapse-corrected +105 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22found by Kew's IPNI identifier 711748-1, POWO 711748-1
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 39 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

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