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Parentucellia viscosa; photograph Ghislain118 http://www.fleurs-des-montagnes.net, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SAGhislain118 http://www.fleurs-des-montagnes.net, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel

Orobanchaceae · Great Britain, Ireland +28

English names not checked: Wikidata's common names were not read for this page.

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Parentucellia viscosa, photograph Onderwijsgek, CC BY-SA 2.5 nl, via Wikimedia CommonsParentucellia viscosa, photograph Tigerente, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsParentucellia viscosa, photograph Hans Hillewaert, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsParentucellia viscosa, photograph Hans Hillewaert, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsParentucellia viscosa, photograph Walter Siegmund, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsParentucellia viscosa, photograph Ghislain118 http://www.fleurs-des-montagnes.net, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 12 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
1.8°C
Record low -5.6 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
24°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
870mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
9–40DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Parentucellia viscosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known by the common names yellow bartsia and yellow glandweed. It is native to Europe, but it can be found on other continents, including Australia and North America, as an introduced species.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Parentucellia viscosa", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (686 mm of 899 mm) takes 8 months, September to February and April to May. Mean temperature moves 13.0 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: March to August and October to November.

Rain

899 mm in the median year at the habitat, 686 mm of it September to February and April to May. Wettest month December at 113 mm, driest month July at 46 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 617 mm to 1,341 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 870 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 899 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 9 to 40 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 4, the highest 90th-percentile month 50).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 1.8 °C, the absolute minimum -5.6 °C, 40 frost nights in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 31.8 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 4.5 °C in February (across the grid cells of the range 1.6 °C to 9.4 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 24.2 °C in August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 1.8 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 60 to 65% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -50 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Parentucellia viscosa through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 24 °C; coldest month February, mean nightly low 4.5 °C; 899 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost31.8° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-5.6° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 9–40RH 60–65%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 756 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C10 / 7–1411 / 7–1513 / 9–1715 / 11–1918 / 13–2222 / 16–2824 / 18–3124 / 18–3122 / 17–2718 / 14–2213 / 10–1810 / 8–15
Night °C5 / 2–95 / 2–96 / 4–117 / 5–1211 / 8–1514 / 11–1816 / 13–2116 / 13–2114 / 12–2011 / 9–178 / 5–136 / 2–11
Rain mm88 / 59–14571 / 50–12066 / 45–11470 / 53–10567 / 41–9252 / 14–7146 / 4–7549 / 6–7869 / 32–100101 / 70–151107 / 71–160113 / 72–178
DLI10 / 5–1616 / 10–2124 / 18–3131 / 28–3837 / 34–4340 / 35–4839 / 34–5035 / 28–4427 / 21–3418 / 12–2411 / 7–179 / 4–13
RH %65 / 60–6863 / 59–6661 / 57–6561 / 57–6461 / 56–6561 / 54–6660 / 52–6761 / 53–6661 / 55–6663 / 59–6664 / 60–6865 / 61–69
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 756 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (874 records in those cells; 25 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 958:3659 (42.075, 2.975). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -5.6 °C, 1st-percentile night 1.8 °C, 99th-percentile day 31.8 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 756 distinct grid cells holding 874 of the 900 in-range records (25 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 958:3659 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 42.00_3.125, lapse-corrected -50 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 46 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

This species has no GBIF key of its own. Its records are GBIF's under the key of the name Kew's World Checklist holds as this plant: 7733140 (Bellardia viscosa (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey., 2000 records). No name was matched to GBIF; the keys are read from Kew's synonymy. How.

NativeGreat Britain, Ireland, Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain, Albania, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia, Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Azores, Canary Is., Madeira, North Caucasus, Transcaucasus, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Iran, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Turkey · introduced: Denmark, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Netherlands, Tasmania, New Zealand North, Hawaii, British Columbia, Oregon, Washington, Oklahoma, Arizona, California, Texas, Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Brazil South, Argentina South, Chile Central, Chile South, Uruguay · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker50.339, -4.967 · in the densest population, 508 records (53% of those in range)
Kew's description“hemiparasitic annual” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 964 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 874 of them in the land cells it reads, of 900 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 527 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 93 km away. 546 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 64 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 7733140 (Bellardia viscosa (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.): Kew's file holds it as Bellardia viscosa (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. (synonym under Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel); 2,000 records, from GBIF's download.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 964 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Parentucellia viscosa, photograph 1did not loadParentucellia viscosa, photograph 2did not loadParentucellia viscosa, photograph 3did not loadParentucellia viscosa, photograph 4did not loadParentucellia viscosa, photograph 5did not loadParentucellia viscosa, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: Onderwijsgek, CC BY-SA 2.5 nl, via Wikimedia Commons; Tigerente, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Hans Hillewaert, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons (2); Walter Siegmund, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Ghislain118 http://www.fleurs-des-montagnes.net, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Smyrnium olusatrum Smyrnium olusatrum Alexanders Photo: CC BY, Shaldon Wildlife TrustBriza minor Briza minor Lesser quaking grass Photo: CC BY-SA, Greg TasneyHerniaria ciliolata Herniaria ciliolata Fringed rupturewort Photo: CC BY, Flavien SaboureauFumaria capreolata Fumaria capreolata White ramping-fumitory Photo: CC BY, Aalbert RebergenCarex punctata Carex punctata Dotted sedge Photo: CC BY, Joss CarrMatthiola incana Matthiola incana Hoary stock Photo: CC BY, Shaun

Other Parentucellia 1 in the reference

Parentucellia latifolia Parentucellia latifolia Broadleaf glandweed Photo: CC BY-SA, Greg Tasney

Names & registers

Also known as Eufragia viscosa var. suavis; Trixago viscosa; Eufragia viscosa; Rhinanthus viscosus; Lasiopera viscosa and 7 more. (WCVP, RBG Kew)

IPNIPOWOWikidataWFOWikipedia

The record

Family
Orobanchaceae
Described by
(L.) Caruel
Native to
Great Britain, Ireland, Baleares +27
Wild records
964 in range · 527 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
Kew's names (WCVP) kew.names answeredas of 2026-06-04Kew's entry Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel (plant_name_id 2542222), read from Kew's names file
GBIF species record gbif.species not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21this species has no GBIF key of its own; its records are read under GBIF's keys for the names Kew's file holds as this plant, never by a name matched; GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 2000 records of GBIF's key 7733140, Bellardia viscosa (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. (Kew's file holds it as Bellardia viscosa (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. (synonym under Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel)): the GBIF download; 33 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (19 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 3 at a herbarium, 11 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 42.00_3.125, lapse-corrected -50 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22found by Kew's IPNI identifier 806705-1, POWO 806705-1
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 174 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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