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Parrotia subaequalis; photograph (c) 王天明, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) 王天明, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2024-01-25

Parrotia subaequalis (Hung T.Chang) R.M.Hao & H.T.Wei

Chinese Ironwood

Hamamelidaceae · China Southeast

Cited as Kew's World Checklist cites it, Parrotia subaequalis (Hung T.Chang) R.M.Hao & H.T.Wei: GBIF's backbone key for this page carries the name with another author, (H.T.Chang) R.M.Hao & H.T.Wei.

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Parrotia subaequalis, photograph (c) 王天明, some rights reserved (CC BY)Parrotia subaequalis, photograph 王天, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFParrotia subaequalis, photograph 王天, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFParrotia subaequalis, photograph 王天, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFParrotia subaequalis, photograph 王天, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFParrotia subaequalis, photograph 王天, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF 26 photographs ›
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-4.7°C
Record low -12.4 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
31°C
Jul at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,729mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
16–34DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes March to September, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 10 records in 5 grid cells. The records.

Summary

Parrotia subaequalis commonly called Chinese ironwood, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hamamelidaceae. It is a tree native to Anhui, southern Jiangsu, and northern Zhejiang provinces in southeastern China. There are five disjunct populations of P. subaequalis in eastern China: two each in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces (Huang et al. 2005) and one in Anhui (Shao and Fang 2004).

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Parrotia subaequalis", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,150 mm of 1,563 mm) falls in March to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 21.0 °C against a yearly mean of 15.9 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: September to March.

Rain

1,563 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,150 mm of it March to September. Wettest month June at 234 mm, driest month December at 61 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,270 mm to 2,142 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,729 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,563 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 16 to 34 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 15, the highest 90th-percentile month 36).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -4.7 °C, the absolute minimum -12.4 °C, 1,957 frost nights in 44 years, 44.5 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 35.9 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -0.6 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -2.3 °C to 3.2 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 31.1 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -4.7 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 58 to 65% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +115 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 10 records in 5 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Parrotia subaequalis through the yearWarmest month July, mean daily high 31 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low -0.6 °C; 1,563 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost35.9° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-12.4° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 16–34RH 58–65%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 5 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C7 / 6–99 / 8–1113 / 11–1519 / 16–2024 / 21–2527 / 24–2831 / 28–3130 / 28–3126 / 24–2721 / 19–2216 / 14–1710 / 9–11
Night °C-1 / -2–31 / -1–45 / 3–711 / 9–1217 / 14–1721 / 18–2125 / 21–2524 / 21–2519 / 17–2213 / 11–177 / 5–111 / 0–5
Rain mm89 / 60–10194 / 67–125164 / 101–217136 / 94–241144 / 106–257234 / 195–390199 / 184–271167 / 154–236106 / 90–19773 / 71–11296 / 66–9961 / 37–65
DLI16 / 15–1820 / 17–2123 / 20–2529 / 25–3132 / 29–3430 / 28–3234 / 32–3632 / 30–3427 / 25–2723 / 21–2318 / 17–1916 / 15–17
RH %61 / 58–6261 / 59–6361 / 59–6360 / 58–6360 / 59–6463 / 62–6863 / 61–6865 / 62–6864 / 61–6661 / 58–6259 / 58–6158 / 57–59
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 5 grid cells holding the 10 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1175:5994 (31.225, 119.725). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -12.4 °C, 1st-percentile night -4.7 °C, 99th-percentile day 35.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 5 distinct grid cells holding 10 of the 10 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1175:5994 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 31.00_120.000, lapse-corrected +115 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 144 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeChina Southeast · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker31.375, 119.823 · in the densest population, 7 records (54% of those in range)
Kew's description“tree” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 13 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 10 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 7 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 297 km away. 1 record outside the WCVP native range not used. Under a dozen records behind the climate. 3 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 13 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Parrotia subaequalis, photograph 1did not loadParrotia subaequalis, photograph 2did not loadParrotia subaequalis, photograph 3did not loadParrotia subaequalis, photograph 4did not loadParrotia subaequalis, photograph 5did not loadParrotia subaequalis, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) 王天明, some rights reserved (CC BY); 王天, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (5).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Schnabelia nepetifolia Lamiaceae Sassafras tzumu Sassafras tzumu Chinese Sassafras Photo: CC0, author not statedDiospyros rhombifolia Diospyros rhombifolia Diamond leaf Persimmon Photo: CC BY, 王天明Damrongia clarkeana Damrongia clarkeana Gesneriaceae Photo: CC BY, Wang.QGCrataegus cuneata Crataegus cuneata Chinese hawthorn Photo: CC BY-SA, KENPEIDalbergia hupeana Dalbergia hupeana Hwangdan Photo: Public domain, Ciftonia

Other Parrotia 1 in the reference

Parrotia persica Parrotia persica Persian ironwood Photo: CC0, author not stated

Names & registers

Also known as Hamamelis subaequalis; Shaniodendron subaequale; Shaniodendron subaequalis. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Hamamelidaceae
Described by
(Hung T.Chang) R.M.Hao & H.T.Wei
Native to
China Southeast
Wild records
13 in range · 7 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22GBIF's key 5553945 is Parrotia subaequalis (H.T.Chang) R.M.Hao & H.T.Wei; the page links Kew's Parrotia subaequalis (Hung T.Chang) R.M.Hao & H.T.Wei, and the name is cited as Kew cites it
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 2 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (1 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 31.00_120.000, lapse-corrected +115 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 5 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

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