Species
+

Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex K.Heyne

Peltophorum, Siar, Yellow Flame, copperpod

Climate known 66 photographs
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Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Peltophorum pterocarpum is a species of tree in the family Fabaceae, native to tropical areas from Indo-China to northern Australia. It produces masses of golden flowers in the summer, making it a popular ornamental tree around the world. It was first described in 1825.

Text from Wikipedia, “Peltophorum pterocarpum”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Peltophorum

Peltophorum is a genus of 5–15 species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The genus is native to certain tropical regions across the world, including northern South America, central and southern Africa, Indochina, southeastern China, Malesia, New Guinea, and northern Australia. The species are medium-sized to large trees growing up to 15–25 m tall, rarely 50 m.

Text from Wikipedia, “Peltophorum”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Fabaceae
Described by
(DC.) Backer ex K.Heyne
Native to
Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam +9
Wild records
102 in range· 56 open

At a glance

Warmest month
30°C
Apr, mean day; nights 25 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
2284mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Dec 272 mm (CHELSA)
Light
31–37DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (September to March and May at the habitat (not shifted)). Habitat rain 2284 mm a year, wettest December at 272 mm, driest June at 148 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 31 to 37 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 19.4 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Baryxylum ferrugineum (Benth.) N.H.Williams; Baryxylum ferrugineum (Decne.) F.N.Williams; Baryxylum inerme Pierre; Brasilettia ferruginea (Decne.) Kuntze; Caesalpinia arborea Zoll. and 18 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (September to March and May at the habitat (not shifted)).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads no season: 70% of the year's rain (1679 mm of 2284 mm) takes 8 months, September to March and May. Mean temperature moves 1.0 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; with a flat temperature curve there is no season to reverse, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 2284 mm a year, wettest December at 272 mm, driest June at 148 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

2284 mm a year at the habitat, 1679 mm of it September to March and May. Wettest month December at 272 mm, driest June at 148 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 1373 mm to 2950 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 31 to 37 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 31 to 37 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 27, the highest 90th-percentile month 45).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 19.4 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 19.4 °C, the absolute minimum 15.8 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 33.6 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 23.4 °C in July (across the envelope cells 19.2 °C to 25.8 °C), warmest day 30.3 °C in April (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 19.4 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 63 to 65% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 29 °C in Jul to 30 °C in Apr; mean night from 23 °C in Jul to 25 °C in Apr. The cold quarter, Jun to Aug, is the three months around the coldest night. 2284 mm of rain a year, most in Dec. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 84 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 15.8 °C and the 99th-percentile day 33.6 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.10°15°20°25°30°35°40°33.6° 99th-percentile day (undated)15.8° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 31–37RH 63–65 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 84 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C29 / 27–3130 / 28–3230 / 28–3330 / 28–3330 / 28–3329 / 27–3129 / 27–3129 / 27–3329 / 28–3530 / 28–3529 / 28–3429 / 27–32
Night °C25 / 22–2625 / 22–2625 / 23–2625 / 23–2625 / 22–2624 / 20–2623 / 19–2624 / 20–2624 / 22–2525 / 23–2625 / 22–2725 / 22–27
Rain mm243 / 30–427202 / 21–379241 / 42–316153 / 77–298172 / 16–239148 / 1–216150 / 2–232154 / 2–244188 / 5–294190 / 23–307171 / 59–350272 / 79–330
DLI33 / 30–3535 / 32–3836 / 33–3937 / 33–4035 / 31–3633 / 31–3434 / 31–3535 / 31–3935 / 31–4334 / 30–4531 / 28–4431 / 27–38
RH %65 / 61–6865 / 61–6765 / 60–6764 / 57–6764 / 52–6764 / 49–6763 / 49–6763 / 51–6764 / 55–6865 / 57–6865 / 58–6965 / 59–68

Each figure is the median across the 84 grid cells holding the 97 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 2028:6256 (-11.425, 132.825). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 15.8 °C, 1st-percentile night 19.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 33.6 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 84 distinct grid cells holding the 97 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2028:6256 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -11.50_133.125, lapse-corrected -2 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 10 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeCambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Jawa, Malaya, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Northern Territory· introduced: Burkina, Gambia, The, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Burundi, Gabon, Gulf of Guinea Is., Zaïre, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Mozambique, Comoros, China South-Central, China Southeast, Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Laccadive Is., Maldives, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya, Andaman Is., Myanmar, Nicobar Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Queensland, Western Australia, Fiji, Society Is., Caroline Is., Marianas, Hawaii, Florida, Honduras, Panama, Dominican Republic, Leeward Is. AB Ant, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, French Guiana, Guyana, Surinam, Venezuela
Kew's description“tree” · “seasonally dry tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker-12.457, 130.843 · in the densest population, 37 records (36% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 102 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 56 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 1 km away. 654 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 5 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 102 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Peltophorum pterocarpumPeltophorum pterocarpumPeltophorum pterocarpumPeltophorum pterocarpumPeltophorum pterocarpumPeltophorum pterocarpumPeltophorum pterocarpumPeltophorum pterocarpum

Photographs: (c) ritirene, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Aadi Kulkarni, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Ramnarayan K, some rights reserved (CC BY) (5).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Peltophorum pterocarpum, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Antimicrobial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamil Nadu, India
Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan, Muniappan Ayyanar, S. Ignacimuthu (2006) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Assessment of phytochemical content, polyphenolic composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Leguminosae medicinal plants in Peninsular Malaysia
Yik-Ling Chew, Elaine Wan Ling Chan, Pei Ling Tan, Yau Yan Lim (2011) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Monodispersed Gold Nanoparticles: Toxicity Study, Delivery of Doxorubicin and Its Bio-Distribution in Mouse Model
Sudip Mukherjee, Samaresh Sau, Durga Madhuri, Vishnu Sravan Bollu (2015) · Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology
Photocatalytic zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesis using Peltophorum pterocarpum leaf extract and their characterization
Shraddha Pai, H Sridevi, Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan, Ramesh Vinayagam (2019) · Optik
Biogenic synthesis of ferric oxide nanoparticles using the leaf extract of Peltophorum pterocarpum and their catalytic dye degradation potential
Sanjana Anchan, Shraddha Pai, H Sridevi, Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan (2019) · Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology
Assessment of Antioxidant Capacity and Cytotoxicity of Selected Malaysian Plants
Lai Teng Ling, Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan, Thavamanithevi Subramaniam, Hwee Ming Cheng (2010) · Molecules
Synthesis of photocatalytic zinc oxide nanoflowers using Peltophorum pterocarpum pod extract and their characterization
Ramesh Vinayagam, Shraddha Pai, Gokulakrishnan Murugesan, Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan (2021) · Applied Nanoscience
PHYTOSTABILIZATION OF A PB-CONTAMINATED MINE TAILING BY VARIOUS TREE SPECIES IN POT AND FIELD TRIAL EXPERIMENTS
Weeradej Meeinkuirt, Prayad Pokethitiyook, Maleeya Kruatrachue, Phanwimol Tanhan (2012) · International Journal of Phytoremediation
Efficiency improvement in dye sensitized solar cells by the plasmonic effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles
S. Saravanan, Ryoichi Kato, M. Balamurugan, Sheetal Kaushik (2017) · Journal of Science Advanced Materials and Devices
Antioxidant and antiglycemic potential of Peltophorum pterocarpum plant parts
Thamilvaani Manaharan, Ling Lai Teng, David R. Appleton, Ming Cheng (2011) · Food Chemistry

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Peltophorum 1 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not asked
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 60 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.