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Penstemon cobaea; photograph (c) Summit Metro Parks, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Summit Metro Parks, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-06-17

Penstemon cobaea Nutt.

Cobaea beardtongue; Prairie penstemon; Wild Foxglove; Cobaea penstemon

Plantaginaceae · Iowa, Kansas +5

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Penstemon cobaea, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedPenstemon cobaea, photograph (c) Sam Kieschnick, some rights reserved (CC BY)Penstemon cobaea, photograph (c) Sam Kieschnick, some rights reserved (CC BY)Penstemon cobaea, photograph (c) saltyhiker, some rights reserved (CC BY)Penstemon cobaea, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedPenstemon cobaea, photograph author not stated, no rights reserved 59 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-6.5°C
Record low -17.0 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
34°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
933mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
17–44DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Penstemon cobaea is a flowering plant in the plantain family, commonly known as Cobaea beardtongue, prairie penstemon or foxglove penstemon. The plant is native to the central United States, primarily the Great Plains from Nebraska to Texas, with additional populations in the Ozarks of Missouri and Arkansas. There are also populations reported in the southwestern United States as well as in Illinois and Ohio, but these appear to be introductions.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Penstemon cobaea", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Penstemon

Penstemon, the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 280 species of flowering plants native to North America from northern Canada to Central America. It is the largest genus of flowering plants endemic to North America. As well as being the scientific name, penstemon is also widely used as a common name for all Penstemon species alongside beardtongues.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Penstemon", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (700 mm of 919 mm) takes 8 months, March to July and September to November. Mean temperature moves 21.1 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: September to January and March to May.

Rain

919 mm in the median year at the habitat, 700 mm of it March to July and September to November. Wettest month May at 118 mm, driest month January at 48 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 791 mm to 1,095 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 933 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 919 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 17 to 44 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 14, the highest 90th-percentile month 44).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -6.5 °C, the absolute minimum -17.0 °C, 1,771 frost nights in 44 years, 40.3 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 42.7 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 3.6 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -4.3 °C to 6.1 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 34.0 °C in August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -6.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 54 to 58% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -60 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Penstemon cobaea through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 34 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 3.6 °C; 919 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°50°frost42.7° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-17.0° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0255075100125150mm rainDLI 17–44RH 54–58%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 686 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C14 / 6–1717 / 8–1921 / 14–2225 / 20–2629 / 24–2932 / 29–3234 / 32–3534 / 31–3530 / 27–3125 / 20–2719 / 13–2114 / 6–17
Night °C4 / -4–66 / -2–89 / 3–1114 / 8–1518 / 14–1922 / 19–2324 / 22–2524 / 21–2520 / 17–2115 / 10–1710 / 4–115 / -3–7
Rain mm48 / 25–6458 / 34–7677 / 59–9675 / 60–98118 / 96–143114 / 102–13861 / 49–10457 / 51–9581 / 70–100104 / 74–12570 / 44–8956 / 31–78
DLI19 / 16–2023 / 21–2429 / 28–3036 / 34–3838 / 37–4042 / 41–4344 / 42–4440 / 38–4133 / 32–3426 / 23–2620 / 16–2017 / 14–18
RH %57 / 55–5857 / 55–5856 / 54–5855 / 53–5758 / 56–6058 / 56–6055 / 53–5854 / 52–5755 / 54–5756 / 55–5857 / 55–5858 / 56–59
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 686 grid cells holding the 1287 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1142:1654 (32.875, -97.275). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -17.0 °C, 1st-percentile night -6.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 42.7 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 686 distinct grid cells holding 1287 of the 1287 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1142:1654 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 33.00_-97.500, lapse-corrected -60 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 194 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeIowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas · introduced: Colorado, Illinois, Ohio, Arizona, New Mexico · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker32.752, -97.272 · in the densest population, 738 records (51% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1444 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1287 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 405 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 67 km away. 8 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 157 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1444 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Penstemon cobaea, photograph 1did not loadPenstemon cobaea, photograph 2did not loadPenstemon cobaea, photograph 3did not loadPenstemon cobaea, photograph 4did not loadPenstemon cobaea, photograph 5did not loadPenstemon cobaea, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0 (3); (c) Sam Kieschnick, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) saltyhiker, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Hymenopappus scabiosaeus Hymenopappus scabiosaeus Carolina woollywhite Photo: CC BY, Sam KieschnickEryngium leavenworthii Eryngium leavenworthii Leavenworth's eryngo Photo: CC BY, saltyhikerCroton monanthogynus Croton monanthogynus Prairie-tea Photo: CC BY, Sam KieschnickParonychia virginica Paronychia virginica Whitlow-wort Photo: CC BY, Aspen FrischPlantago wrightiana Plantago wrightiana Wright's plantain Photo: CC0, author not statedPhysaria gracilis Physaria gracilis Spreading bladderpod Photo: CC0, author not stated

Other Penstemon 122 in the reference

Penstemon alamosensis Penstemon alamosensis Los Alamos beardtongue Photo: CC BY-SA, bmasintonPenstemon albertinus Penstemon albertinus Alberta beardtongue Photo: CC BY, Daughter DadPenstemon albidus Penstemon albidus White beardtongue Photo: CC0, author not statedPenstemon ambiguus Penstemon ambiguus Bush penstemon Photo: CC BY, Parker James LloydPenstemon amphorellae Penstemon amphorellae Plantaginaceae Photo: CC BY, Ricardo Jaimes-LópezPenstemon angustifolius Penstemon angustifolius Broadbeard beardtongue Photo: CC BY, Stephen HornbeckPenstemon aridus Penstemon aridus Stiffleaf penstemon Photo: CC BY, John BrewPenstemon arkansanus Penstemon arkansanus Arkansas beardtongue Photo: CC BY, hr_dragonflyPenstemon attenuatus Penstemon attenuatus Sulphur Beardtongue Photo: CC BY, Ellen EirikssonPenstemon auriberbis Penstemon auriberbis Colorado beardtongue Photo: CC BY, Elliott GordonPenstemon australis Penstemon australis Eustis Lake beardtongue Photo: CC BY, Raven DandridgePenstemon azureus Penstemon azureus Azure penstemon Photo: CC BY, Parker James Lloyd all 123 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Penstemon cobaea subsp. typicus; Penstemon grandiflorus; Penstemon hansonii. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Plantaginaceae
Described by
Nutt.
Native to
Iowa, Kansas, Missouri +4
Wild records
1444 in range · 405 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 21 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (18 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a herbarium, 2 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 33.00_-97.500, lapse-corrected -60 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 29 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…