Species
+

Pentaglottis sempervirens (L.) Tausch ex L.H.Bailey

Alkanet, Evergreen bugloss, Green Alkanet, Green Alkanet (EN)

Climate known 39 photographs
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Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Pentaglottis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. It is represented by a single species, Pentaglottis sempervirens, commonly known as green alkanet or evergreen bugloss, and it is one of several related plants known as alkanet. It is a bristly, perennial plant native to southwestern Europe, in northwest Iberia and France.

Text from Wikipedia, “Pentaglottis”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Pentaglottis

Pentaglottis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. It is represented by a single species, Pentaglottis sempervirens, commonly known as green alkanet or evergreen bugloss, and it is one of several related plants known as alkanet. It is a bristly, perennial plant native to southwestern Europe, in northwest Iberia and France.

Text from Wikipedia, “Pentaglottis”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Boraginaceae
Described by
(L.) Tausch ex L.H.Bailey
Native to
France, Portugal, Spain
Wild records
166 in range· 26 open

At a glance

Warmest month
22°C
Jul, mean day; nights 14 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
845mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Dec 82 mm (CHELSA)
Light
4–35DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (October to January, March and June to August in the northern hemisphere). Habitat rain 845 mm a year, wettest December at 82 mm, driest April at 53 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 4 to 35 mol/m²/day. Cold floor -6.6 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Anchusa adami Mazziari; Anchusa sempervirens L.; Anchusa vulgaris Dumort.; Buglossa sempervirens (L.) Gray; Buglossum sempervirens (L.) All. and 4 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (October to January, March and June to August in the northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads no season: 70% of the year's rain (598 mm of 845 mm) takes 8 months, October to January, March and June to August. Mean temperature moves 14.4 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to February, April to July and September.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 845 mm a year, wettest December at 82 mm, driest April at 53 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

845 mm a year at the habitat, 598 mm of it October to January, March and June to August. Wettest month December at 82 mm, driest April at 53 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 800 mm to 1531 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 4 to 35 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 4 to 35 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 4, the highest 90th-percentile month 46).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor -6.6 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is -6.6 °C, the absolute minimum -14.0 °C, about 45 frost nights a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 27.7 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 1.0 °C in February (across the envelope cells 0.4 °C to 4.7 °C), warmest day 22.2 °C in July (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: -6.6 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 60 to 68% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 7 °C in Jan to 22 °C in Jul; mean night from 1 °C in Feb to 14 °C in Jul. The cold quarter, Jan to Mar, is the three months around the coldest night. 845 mm of rain a year, most in Dec. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 105 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was -14.0 °C and the 99th-percentile day 27.7 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.-20°-10°10°20°30°frost27.7° 99th-percentile day (undated)-14.0° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200250mm rainDLI 4–35RH 60–68 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 105 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C7 / 6–117 / 7–1210 / 9–1514 / 11–1617 / 14–1920 / 17–2322 / 19–2622 / 19–2619 / 17–2315 / 14–1810 / 9–147 / 6–12
Night °C1 / 1–51 / 0–53 / 3–65 / 4–89 / 8–1012 / 11–1314 / 13–1514 / 13–1612 / 11–149 / 8–115 / 4–82 / 2–6
Rain mm76 / 69–18259 / 55–13669 / 58–11853 / 48–14366 / 55–11271 / 48–7769 / 26–7771 / 36–8069 / 62–8981 / 73–19379 / 72–19782 / 76–241
DLI5 / 5–1210 / 10–1718 / 17–2628 / 27–3333 / 32–3835 / 33–4434 / 32–4629 / 28–4020 / 19–3012 / 12–197 / 6–124 / 4–9
RH %67 / 64–6865 / 62–6663 / 60–6460 / 59–6360 / 59–6361 / 60–6361 / 58–6461 / 58–6463 / 59–6464 / 62–6567 / 64–6868 / 64–69

Each figure is the median across the 105 grid cells holding the 164 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 780:3664 (50.975, 3.225). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -14.0 °C, 1st-percentile night -6.6 °C, 99th-percentile day 27.7 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 105 distinct grid cells holding the 164 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 780:3664 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 51.00_3.125, lapse-corrected +8 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 25 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeFrance, Portugal, Spain· introduced: Great Britain, Ireland, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Italy, Tasmania, British Columbia, Oregon, Washington, Maine, California
Kew's description“biennial or perennial” · “temperate”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker50.95, 4.35 · in the densest population, 92 records (55% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 166 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 26 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 357 km away. 550 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 2 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the centre of the tenth-degree cell nearest the middle (no openly licensed record lies in the population, so no record's coordinates are published) of the densest 1° population of the 166 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Pentaglottis sempervirensPentaglottis sempervirensPentaglottis sempervirensPentaglottis sempervirensPentaglottis sempervirensPentaglottis sempervirensPentaglottis sempervirensPentaglottis sempervirens

Photographs: no rights reserved · CC0 (4); (c) rmjb, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4).

Photographs: iNaturalist and GBIF media did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Pentaglottis sempervirens, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Restricted‐Range Boraginaceae Species Constitute Potential Sources of Valuable Fatty Acids
José Luis Guil‐Guerrero, Francisco Gómez Mercado, Rebeca P. Ramos‐Bueno, Miguel Ángel Rincón‐Cervera (2013) · Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society
Estudios cariológicos en vegetales nemorales del CW español, II
Juana Ana Elena Roselló, M. A. González Zapatero, Florentino Navarro Andrés (2009) · Studia Botanica
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
The genome sequence of Pentaglottis sempervirens (L. Tausch ex L.H.Bailey, 1949) (Boraginales: Boraginaceae)
Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Genome Acquisition Lab, Plant Genome Sizing Collective, Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective (2026) · Wellcome Open Research
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Occurrence Download
GBIF.org User (2026) · Global Biodiversity Information Facility

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence search API
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media did not answercarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: api.gbif.org not asked: offline re-derivation
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 6 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.