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Pentalinon berteroi (A.DC.) J.F.Morales & M.E.Endress

Apocynaceae · Florida, Bahamas +4

English names not checked: Wikidata's common names were not read for this page.

Photographs not checked iNaturalist and GBIF media were skipped (not asked) when this page was built. Not asked, or not answered, is not "none": nothing here claims there is none. Why the site says it this way.
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Sow seed
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
17.0°C
Record low 13.9 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
31°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,408mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
22–42DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes May to October, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Pentalinon

Pentalinon is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1845. It is native to the West Indies, Central America, Mexico, and Florida.SpeciesPentalinon andrieuxii (Müll.Arg.) B.F.Hansen & Wunderlin - Hidalgo, Tabasco, Yucatán Peninsula, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F.Hansen & Wunderlin - Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Turks & Caicos Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles, Jamaica, islands of western Caribbean, S Florida

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Pentalinon", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,044 mm of 1,390 mm) falls in May to October, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 26.9 °C against a yearly mean of 24.6 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to April.

Rain

1,390 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,044 mm of it May to October. Wettest month June at 218 mm, driest months (2 at 45 mm). Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,109 mm to 1,565 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,408 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,390 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 22 to 42 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 21, the highest 90th-percentile month 44).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 17.0 °C, the absolute minimum 13.9 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 33.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 18.4 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 15.5 °C to 21.5 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 30.5 °C in July and August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 17.0 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 58 to 63% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +48 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Pentalinon berteroi through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 31 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 18.4 °C; 1,390 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.10°15°20°25°30°35°33.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER13.9° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200250300mm rainDLI 22–42RH 58–63%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 88 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C24 / 22–2625 / 23–2726 / 23–2827 / 24–3029 / 26–3130 / 27–3131 / 28–3231 / 28–3230 / 28–3128 / 27–2926 / 25–2825 / 23–26
Night °C18 / 16–2219 / 16–2219 / 17–2221 / 19–2323 / 21–2425 / 23–2625 / 23–2725 / 24–2725 / 23–2623 / 22–2521 / 19–2420 / 17–23
Rain mm45 / 37–5556 / 43–6964 / 46–7769 / 47–78129 / 82–168218 / 127–257156 / 97–192187 / 107–253216 / 146–255138 / 108–18367 / 55–10745 / 39–55
DLI24 / 23–2729 / 28–3235 / 34–3741 / 40–4342 / 40–4340 / 39–4242 / 40–4439 / 37–4134 / 32–3729 / 29–3225 / 24–2822 / 21–25
RH %58 / 58–6259 / 58–6158 / 58–6159 / 57–6061 / 59–6363 / 62–6562 / 62–6463 / 62–6463 / 63–6661 / 60–6559 / 58–6459 / 58–62
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 88 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (264 records in those cells; 1 more cell holds records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cell is left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1344:1940 (22.775, -82.975). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 13.9 °C, 1st-percentile night 17.0 °C, 99th-percentile day 33.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 88 distinct grid cells holding 264 of the 265 in-range records (1 further cell with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1344:1940 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 23.00_-83.125, lapse-corrected +48 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 78 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

This species has no GBIF key of its own. Its records are GBIF's under the key of the name Kew's World Checklist holds as this plant: 3169736 (Angadenia berteroi (A.DC.) Miers, 748 records). No name was matched to GBIF; the keys are read from Kew's synonymy. How.

NativeFlorida, Bahamas, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Turks-Caicos Is. · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker25.575, -80.543 · in the densest population, 402 records (76% of those in range)
Kew's description“climbing shrub” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 528 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 264 of them in the land cells it reads, of 265 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 157 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 3 km away. 263 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 3169736 (Angadenia berteroi (A.DC.) Miers): Kew's file holds it as Angadenia berteroi (A.DC.) Miers (synonym under Pentalinon berteroi (A.DC.) J.F.Morales & M.E.Endress); 748 records, from GBIF's download.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 528 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Not checked. iNaturalist and GBIF media were skipped (not asked) when this page was built. Not a statement that none exist.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Miconia bicolor Miconia bicolor Johnnyberry Photo: CC BY, Tom FieldBourreria havanensis Bourreria havanensis Ehretiaceae Photo: CC BY, Jay HornScutellaria havanensis Scutellaria havanensis Havana skullcap Photo: CC BY, Tom FieldChrysophyllum oliviforme Chrysophyllum oliviforme Satinleaf Photo: CC BY, Martin Hannan-JonesAcalypha chamaedrifolia Acalypha chamaedrifolia Bastard copperleaf Photo: CC BY, Josiah LonderéeKoanophyllon villosum Koanophyllon villosum Bitter Bush Photo: CC BY, Tom Field

Other Pentalinon 1 in the reference

Pentalinon luteum Pentalinon luteum Hammock viper's-tail Photo: CC0, author not stated

Names & registers

Also known as Echites ferrugineus; Rhabdadenia cubensis; Secondatia ferruginea; Rhabdadenia corallicola; Echites cubensis and 9 more. (WCVP, RBG Kew)

IPNIPOWO

The record

Family
Apocynaceae
Described by
(A.DC.) J.F.Morales & M.E.Endress
Native to
Florida, Bahamas, Cuba +3
Wild records
528 in range · 157 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
Kew's names (WCVP) kew.names answeredas of 2026-06-04Kew's entry Pentalinon berteroi (A.DC.) J.F.Morales & M.E.Endress (plant_name_id 3329419), read from Kew's names file
GBIF species record gbif.species not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21this species has no GBIF key of its own; its records are read under GBIF's keys for the names Kew's file holds as this plant, never by a name matched; GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 748 records of GBIF's key 3169736, Angadenia berteroi (A.DC.) Miers (Kew's file holds it as Angadenia berteroi (A.DC.) Miers (synonym under Pentalinon berteroi (A.DC.) J.F.Morales & M.E.Endress)): the GBIF download; 63 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (61 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 2 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 23.00_-83.125, lapse-corrected +48 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22no item carries Kew's IPNI identifier 77356330-1, POWO 77356330-1
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist taxon inat.taxon not asked
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
Wikimedia Commons commons nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 17 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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