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Pluchea carolinensis; photograph author not stated, no rights reserved CC0author not stated, no rights reserved · observed growing wild · 2026-09-25

Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G.Don

Cure for all; Cattletongue; Sweet-scent; Wild tobacco

Asteraceae · Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast +31

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Pluchea carolinensis, photograph (c) Brian Oakes Haiti Hunter, some rights reserved (CC BY)Pluchea carolinensis, photograph (c) Brian Oakes Haiti Hunter, some rights reserved (CC BY)Pluchea carolinensis, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedPluchea carolinensis, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedPluchea carolinensis, photograph (c) Harrison Cole, some rights reserved (CC BY)Pluchea carolinensis, photograph (c) Robin White, some rights reserved (CC BY) 59 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
11.2°C
Record low 7.4 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
29°C
May, Jun and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,034mm
10 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
27–43DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes June to October, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Pluchea carolinensis is a plant in the genus Pluchea.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Pluchea carolinensis", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (736 mm of 974 mm) falls in June to October, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 26.2 °C against a yearly mean of 23.7 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to April.

Rain

974 mm in the median year at the habitat, 736 mm of it June to October. Wettest month September at 176 mm, driest month March at 18 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 550 mm to 1,952 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,034 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 974 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 27 to 43 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 23, the highest 90th-percentile month 50).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 11.2 °C, the absolute minimum 7.4 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 39.8 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 15.5 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 8.2 °C to 23.6 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 28.6 °C in May and June (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 11.2 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 58 to 65% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -441 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Pluchea carolinensis through the yearWarmest months May, June and August, mean daily high 29 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 15.5 °C; 974 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.0°10°20°30°40°50°39.8° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER7.4° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200250300mm rainDLI 27–43RH 58–65%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 399 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C24 / 20–2725 / 22–2926 / 24–3028 / 25–3229 / 25–3429 / 24–3428 / 23–3329 / 23–3328 / 23–3228 / 22–3026 / 22–2925 / 21–28
Night °C16 / 8–2416 / 9–2417 / 11–2419 / 13–2421 / 14–2523 / 15–2623 / 14–2624 / 14–2623 / 14–2621 / 13–2618 / 11–2516 / 9–24
Rain mm31 / 11–9921 / 8–7418 / 4–7935 / 2–11671 / 1–167137 / 27–253156 / 61–266165 / 74–258176 / 97–293102 / 40–23134 / 10–18528 / 6–128
DLI29 / 24–3334 / 29–3840 / 34–4443 / 38–4842 / 39–5040 / 34–4539 / 34–4339 / 34–4234 / 31–3832 / 28–3530 / 25–3327 / 23–32
RH %60 / 51–6659 / 49–6558 / 47–6459 / 46–6561 / 48–6763 / 56–6864 / 58–6864 / 59–6865 / 61–7063 / 57–6861 / 53–6760 / 51–66
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 399 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (505 records in those cells; 4 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1427:1613 (18.625, -99.325). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 7.4 °C, 1st-percentile night 11.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 39.8 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 399 distinct grid cells holding 505 of the 509 in-range records (4 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1427:1613 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 18.50_-99.375, lapse-corrected -441 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 915 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeMexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Aruba, Bahamas, Bermuda, Cayman Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Is. AB Ant, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is., Guyana, Surinam, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru · introduced: Canary Is., Nansei-shoto, Taiwan, Gilbert Is., Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is., Line Is., Caroline Is., Marianas, Marshall Is., Wake I., Hawaii, Florida · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker23.33, -106.481 · in the densest population, 360 records (43% of those in range)
Kew's description“shrub or tree” · “seasonally dry tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 846 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 505 of them in the land cells it reads, of 509 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 471 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 133 km away. 838 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 337 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 846 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Pluchea carolinensis, photograph 1did not loadPluchea carolinensis, photograph 2did not loadPluchea carolinensis, photograph 3did not loadPluchea carolinensis, photograph 4did not loadPluchea carolinensis, photograph 5did not loadPluchea carolinensis, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Brian Oakes Haiti Hunter, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0 (2); (c) Harrison Cole, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Robin White, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Cenchrus echinatus Cenchrus echinatus Southern sandbur Photo: CC BY, zebedeugalinhaPlumbago zeylanica Plumbago zeylanica Wild leadwort Photo: CC0, author not statedSchoepfia schreberi Schoepfia schreberi Gulf graytwig Photo: CC BY, Neptalí Ramírez MarcialOpuntia cochenillifera Opuntia cochenillifera Cochineal cactus Photo: CC BY, Francisco Farriols SarabiaMacroptilium atropurpureum Macroptilium atropurpureum Purple bushbean Photo: CC BY, 祐Solanum erianthum Solanum erianthum Potato-tree Photo: CC BY, nasua

Other Pluchea 8 in the reference

Pluchea baccharis Pluchea baccharis Rosy camphorweed Photo: CC BY, Tom FieldPluchea camphorata Pluchea camphorata Camphor pluchea Photo: CC BY, sblumenPluchea dioscoridis Pluchea dioscoridis Barnouf Photo: CC0, author not statedPluchea foetida Pluchea foetida Stinking camphorweed Photo: CC BY, harrierPluchea indica Pluchea indica Indian fleabane Photo: CC BY, 祐Pluchea odorata Pluchea odorata Sweetscent Photo: CC BY, Suanne PylePluchea sagittalis Pluchea sagittalis Wingstem camphorweed Photo: CC BY, 如此甚好Pluchea sericea Pluchea sericea Arrow-weed Photo: CC BY-SA, Matt Lavin

Names & registers

Also known as Conyza carolinensis; Conyza cortesii; Pluchea carolininesis; Pluchea cortesii; Pluchea odorata var. brevifolia. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Asteraceae
Described by
(Jacq.) G.Don
Native to
Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf +30
Wild records
846 in range · 471 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 51 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (31 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a herbarium, 19 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 18.50_-99.375, lapse-corrected -441 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 77 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…