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Polystichum vestitum; photograph (c) Leon Perrie, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Leon Perrie, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-09-05

Polystichum vestitum (G.Forst.) C.Presl

Dryopteridaceae · Antipodean Is., Chatham Is. +3 · listed by its genus as a fern or moss

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Polystichum vestitum, photograph (c) Colin Meurk, some rights reserved (CC BY)Polystichum vestitum, photograph (c) Leon Perrie, some rights reserved (CC BY)Polystichum vestitum, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedPolystichum vestitum, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedPolystichum vestitum, photograph (c) Leon Perrie, some rights reserved (CC BY)Polystichum vestitum, photograph (c) John Barkla, some rights reserved (CC BY) 70 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-1.9°C
Record low -4.5 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
17°C
Jan and Feb at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
2,259mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
9–39DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Polystichum vestitum, commonly known as the prickly shield fern or pūnui (Māori), is a hardy, evergreen or semi-evergreen ground fern.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Polystichum vestitum", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Polystichum

Polystichum is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Dryopteridoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016. The genus has about 500 species and has a cosmopolitan distribution. The highest diversity is in eastern Asia, with about 208 species in China alone; the region from Mexico to Brazil has at least 100 additional species; Africa, North America, and Europe have much lower diversity. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Polystichum", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Grouped as a fern or moss, listed under the genus Polystichum in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “perennial”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,628 mm of 2,265 mm) takes 8 months, May to December. Mean temperature moves 10.1 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: November to June.

Rain

2,265 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,628 mm of it May to December. Wettest month October at 225 mm, driest month February at 135 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,105 mm to 4,724 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 2,259 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 2,265 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 9 to 39 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 7, the highest 90th-percentile month 43).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -1.9 °C, the absolute minimum -4.5 °C, 1,150 frost nights in 44 years, 26.1 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 21.9 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -0.6 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range -4.8 °C to 3.9 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 16.8 °C in January and February (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -1.9 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 65 to 68% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +351 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the genus Polystichum in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “perennial”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Polystichum vestitum through the yearWarmest months January and February, mean daily high 17 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low -0.6 °C; 2,265 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.-10°-5°0°5°10°15°20°25°frost21.9° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-4.5° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 9–39RH 65–68%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 1022 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C17 / 13–2017 / 14–2015 / 11–1812 / 9–159 / 5–126 / 2–106 / 1–97 / 2–109 / 4–1211 / 7–1413 / 9–1615 / 12–18
Night °C9 / 5–129 / 6–127 / 4–115 / 2–93 / -1–70 / -4–5-1 / -5–40 / -4–42 / -2–63 / -1–75 / 2–97 / 4–11
Rain mm175 / 81–426135 / 78–310158 / 90–402169 / 84–362189 / 96–391215 / 98–404198 / 98–321192 / 96–351210 / 85–416225 / 96–461188 / 87–393211 / 95–498
DLI39 / 36–4334 / 31–3626 / 23–2818 / 15–2011 / 9–149 / 7–1111 / 8–1216 / 13–1722 / 20–2530 / 27–3336 / 33–4039 / 36–42
RH %65 / 60–6865 / 61–6866 / 61–6967 / 62–7068 / 62–7167 / 63–7267 / 62–7168 / 62–7167 / 61–7067 / 61–7066 / 60–6966 / 61–69
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 1022 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (1771 records in those cells; 3 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2728:6986 (-46.425, 169.325). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -4.5 °C, 1st-percentile night -1.9 °C, 99th-percentile day 21.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 1022 distinct grid cells holding 1771 of the 1777 in-range records (3 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2728:6986 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -46.50_169.375, lapse-corrected +351 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 483 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeAntipodean Is., Chatham Is., New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Macquarie Is. · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-43.023, 171.761 · in the densest population, 1276 records (67% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1901 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1771 of them in the land cells it reads, of 1777 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 274 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 227 km away. 5 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 124 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 1901 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Polystichum vestitum, photograph 1did not loadPolystichum vestitum, photograph 2did not loadPolystichum vestitum, photograph 3did not loadPolystichum vestitum, photograph 4did not loadPolystichum vestitum, photograph 5did not loadPolystichum vestitum, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Colin Meurk, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Leon Perrie, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0 (2); (c) John Barkla, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Coprosma parviflora Coprosma parviflora Rubiaceae Photo: CC BY, Oscar DovePittosporum anomalum Pittosporum anomalum Pittosporaceae Photo: CC BY, Cara-Lisa SchlootsVeronica salicifolia Veronica salicifolia Koromiko Photo: CC BY, Tom BeardHydrocotyle novae-zeelandiae Hydrocotyle novae-zeelandiae New Zealand Pennywort Photo: CC BY, Irisa HudsonVeronica albicans Veronica albicans Veronica recurva Photo: CC BY, Kate McAlpineChionochloa conspicua Chionochloa conspicua Broad Leaved Bush Tussock Photo: CC0, author not stated

Other Polystichum 43 in the reference

Polystichum acrostichoides Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern Photo: CC BY, Michael J. PapayPolystichum aculeatum Polystichum aculeatum Hard shield-fern Photo: CC BY, Daniel BuczkiewiczPolystichum andersonii Polystichum andersonii Anderson's holly fern Photo: CC BY, Matt BergerPolystichum andinum Polystichum andinum Dryopteridaceae Photo: CC BY, Constanza Vargas VillegasPolystichum × bicknellii Polystichum × bicknellii Dryopteridaceae Photo: CC BY, Sean Frederick TuckPolystichum braunii Polystichum braunii Braun's holly fern Photo: CC BY, Oleg Kosterin Polystichum calderonense Monte Guilarte holly fern Polystichum dracomontanum Polystichum dracomontanum Dryopteridaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedPolystichum drepanum Polystichum drepanum Madeira Shield-Fern Photo: CC0, author not stated Polystichum × dycei Dryopteridaceae Polystichum falcinellum Polystichum falcinellum Madeira Sword-Fern Photo: CC BY, K.P. Polystichum grandifrons Dryopteridaceae all 44 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Aspidium aculeatum var. vestitum; Aspidium asterolepis; Aspidium perelegans; Aspidium pulcherrimum; Aspidium tasmaniae and 9 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Dryopteridaceae
Described by
(G.Forst.) C.Presl
Native to
Antipodean Is., Chatham Is., New Zealand North +2
Wild records
1901 in range · 274 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 15 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (7 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 3 at a herbarium, 5 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -46.50_169.375, lapse-corrected +351 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 14 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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