15 photographs › At a glance
- Jan, shaded
- Feb, shaded
- Mar, shaded
- Apr, shaded
- May
- Jun
- Jul
- Aug
- Sep
- Oct, shaded
- Nov, shaded
- Dec, shaded
From few records: 3 records in 3 grid cells. The records.
Summary
Primula prolifera, the candelabra primrose or glory of the bog, is a flowering plant in the family Primulaceae. Its botanical name is currently unresolved.
Quoted from Wikipedia, "Primula prolifera", CC BY-SA 4.0.
About the genus · Primula
Primula is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. They include the primrose, a familiar wildflower of banks and verges. Other common species are P. auricula (auricula), P. veris (cowslip), and P. elatior (oxlip). More on Wikipedia ›
Quoted from Wikipedia, "Primula", CC BY-SA 4.0.
Cultivation
Seasons
The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the median year's rain (2,926 mm of 4,082 mm) falls in October to April. The temperature curve is flat, 3.2 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.
Rain
4,082 mm in the median year at the habitat, 2,926 mm of it October to April. Wettest month January at 466 mm, driest month August at 192 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 2,108 mm to 4,142 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 4,075 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 4,082 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.
Light
Open sky over the habitat: 22 to 35 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 22, the highest 90th-percentile month 38).
Warmth and air
Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 8.9 °C in October (across the grid cells of the range 6.0 °C to 13.1 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 19.3 °C in August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: none read. The nearest figure is 8.9 °C, the coldest month's mean nightly low, October, in the median year (CHELSA); a month's mean of its nightly lows is warmer than the nights a floor is read from. The daily extremes were read at a weather cell whose ground is too far above or below the typical spot to correct for, and are not used.
Relative humidity at the habitat: 64 to 69% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.
How this section is made
Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.
Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.
Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.
Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.
Temperature. CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. No cold floor is read without a daily extremes series; the coldest month's mean nightly low named in its sentence is not one. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.
Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.
Climate across the habitat
From few records: this habitat climate is read from 3 records in 3 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.
Habitat months, southern hemisphere
Mean daily high from 16 °C in Jan, Feb and Dec to 19 °C in Jun, Jul, Aug and Sep; mean nightly low from 9 °C in May and Oct to 12 °C in Jul and Aug. The cold quarter, Sep to Nov, is the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low, around the first of the 2 months that tie for it. 4,082 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added), the wettest month Jan. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 3 habitat cells. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.
Figures by month
| Figure | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day °C | 16 / 10–20 | 16 / 11–20 | 17 / 13–21 | 17 / 15–21 | 17 / 17–21 | 19 / 17–21 | 19 / 17–21 | 19 / 17–22 | 19 / 17–22 | 17 / 17–21 | 17 / 14–21 | 16 / 12–20 |
| Night °C | 10 / -2–14 | 10 / -1–14 | 10 / 3–14 | 10 / 5–14 | 9 / 7–13 | 10 / 9–13 | 12 / 8–13 | 12 / 8–13 | 10 / 8–13 | 9 / 6–13 | 10 / 3–14 | 10 / 0–14 |
| Rain mm | 466 / 111–472 | 451 / 131–455 | 421 / 159–431 | 389 / 206–396 | 332 / 218–339 | 210 / 207–244 | 193 / 191–278 | 192 / 192–233 | 229 / 180–231 | 361 / 149–366 | 419 / 104–429 | 419 / 97–429 |
| DLI | 22 / 22–29 | 22 / 22–32 | 26 / 25–36 | 29 / 28–38 | 31 / 30–36 | 32 / 31–32 | 32 / 29–33 | 35 / 31–36 | 35 / 31–36 | 33 / 32–33 | 27 / 26–30 | 24 / 23–28 |
| RH % | 69 / 61–73 | 69 / 63–73 | 67 / 65–70 | 67 / 66–69 | 66 / 64–68 | 67 / 62–69 | 67 / 61–72 | 66 / 61–70 | 66 / 63–68 | 64 / 63–66 | 67 / 62–69 | 68 / 60–71 |
The daily extremes were not used: the correction for elevation, +1832 m, is beyond the 1,000 m either way that a lapse rate is applied over, so the weather cell's ground is other terrain than the typical spot's. So no cold floor is read for this species, and the coldest month's mean nightly low is not taken as one. What that cell gave, so corrected, over 44 years: absolute minimum 1.9 °C, 1st-percentile night 4.6 °C.
How this section is made
Natural habitat
How this section is made
Photographs
Photographs: (c) Siddarth Machado, some rights reserved (CC BY) (6).
Related
Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.
Argyroxiphium kauense Kau silversword Photo: CC BY, David Anderson
Ida gigantea Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY, desertnaturalist Pitcairnia dendroidea Bromeliaceae 
Dendrobium vexillarius Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY, avocat
Maxillaria grandiflora Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY, Francisco Sánchez Karste
Fuchsia scabriuscula Onagraceae Photo: CC0, author not statedOther Primula 204 in the reference
Primula algida Primulaceae Photo: CC BY, Юлия Захаренко
Primula allionii Primulaceae Photo: CC BY, Flavien Saboureau
Primula alpicola Moonlight primrose Photo: CC BY-SA, peganum
Primula amethystina Primulaceae Photo: CC BY, Morten Ross
Primula amoena Caucasian primrose Photo: CC BY, Екатерина Кравцова
Primula angustifolia Alpine primrose Photo: CC BY, Aiva Noringseth
Primula anisodora Anise primrose Photo: CC BY-SA, Stan Shebs
Primula apennina Primulaceae Photo: CC0, author not stated
Primula aurantiaca Primulaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Salicyna
Primula aureata Primulaceae Photo: CC BY, desertnaturalist
Primula auricula Auricula Photo: CC BY, Jonas Sielenkämper all 205 ›Names & registers
Also known as Aleuritia imperialis; Aleuritia prolifera; Cankrienia chrysantha; Cankrienia formosa; Primula imperialis and 2 more. (GBIF Backbone)
The record
Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →
Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 2 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (2 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)climate answeredasked 2026-10-22climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -7.00_106.875, lapse-corrected +1832 m at 6.5 °C/km; read, and set aside: the correction for elevation, +1832 m, is beyond the 1,000 m either way that a lapse rate is applied over, so the weather cell's ground is other terrain than the typical spot's, so no cold floor is shownwikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22inat.photos.cultivated not askedgbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rulescommons answeredasked 2026-10-22openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshotEvery source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 10 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.