Species
+

Prunus campanulata Maxim.

Formosan cherry, Formosan cherry, Glocken-Kirsche, Taiwan cherry

Climate known 70 photographs Temperate garden plant
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Prunus campanulata is a species of cherry native to Japan, Taiwan, southern and eastern China, and Vietnam. It is a large shrub or small tree, growing 3–8 m (10–26 ft) tall. It is widely grown as an ornamental tree, and a symbol of Nago in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. It is variously known in English as the Taiwan cherry, Formosan cherry, or bellflower cherry. More on Wikipedia ›

The opening of Wikipedia, “Prunus campanulata”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Prunus

Prunus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs from the rose family (Rosaceae) that produce stone fruits, or drupes. As of March 2024, the genus has about 340 accepted species, including almonds, apricots, cherries, peaches, and plums. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, being native to the temperate regions of North America, the neotropics of South America, and temperate and tropical regions of Eurasia and Africa.

Text from Wikipedia, “Prunus”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Rosaceae
Described by
Maxim.
Native to
Hainan, China Southeast, Taiwan +3
Wild records
613 in range· 246 open

At a glance

Warmest month
28°C
Jul, mean day; nights 21 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
2842mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Jun 433 mm (CHELSA)
Light
18–35DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Grouped as a temperate garden plant by the genus Prunus, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). Rain rule: a summer growing season, May to September in the northern hemisphere (May to September at the habitat, northern). Habitat rain 2842 mm a year, wettest June at 433 mm, driest December at 55 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 18 to 35 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 1.1 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Cerasus campanulata (Maxim.) A.N.Vassiljeva; Cerasus campanulata (Maxim.) Masam. & S.Suzuki; Cerasus campanulata (Maxim.) T.T.Yu & C.L.Li; Cerasus cerasoides var. campanulata (Maxim.) X.R.Wang & C.B.Shang; Prunus campanulata f. albiflora Hatus. and 4 more.

Cultivation

Grouped as a temperate garden plant by the genus Prunus, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). The table holds no figure for this group, which spans too much for one minimum; the cold floor is the habitat's alone, and no prose comes from the table.

Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, May to September in the northern hemisphere (May to September at the habitat, northern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (1992 mm of 2842 mm) falls in May to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 24.1 °C against a yearly mean of 19.2 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to March.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 2842 mm a year, wettest June at 433 mm, driest December at 55 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

2842 mm a year at the habitat, 1992 mm of it May to September. Wettest month June at 433 mm, driest December at 55 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 1730 mm to 4269 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 18 to 35 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 18 to 35 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 14, the highest 90th-percentile month 38).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 1.1 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 1.1 °C, the absolute minimum -4.5 °C, about 2 frost nights a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 28.5 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 7.5 °C in January (across the envelope cells 1.7 °C to 12.6 °C), warmest day 27.9 °C in July (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 1.1 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 62 to 67% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 15 °C in Jan to 28 °C in Jul; mean night from 8 °C in Jan to 21 °C in Jul. The cold quarter, Dec to Feb, is the three months around the coldest night. 2842 mm of rain a year, most in Jun. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 302 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was -4.5 °C and the 99th-percentile day 28.5 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.-10°10°20°30°40°frost28.5° 99th-percentile day (undated)-4.5° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0200400600800mm rainDLI 18–35RH 62–67 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 302 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C15 / 9–1916 / 11–2019 / 14–2222 / 18–2525 / 19–2827 / 21–3028 / 22–3227 / 21–3226 / 20–3023 / 18–2720 / 15–2416 / 11–20
Night °C8 / 2–139 / 3–1412 / 7–1615 / 10–1918 / 13–2221 / 14–2421 / 15–2521 / 15–2520 / 14–2417 / 11–2113 / 8–189 / 3–14
Rain mm73 / 40–163135 / 65–213173 / 89–223217 / 150–278333 / 241–480433 / 280–648390 / 176–694430 / 165–739406 / 107–575126 / 57–42871 / 42–26055 / 32–166
DLI18 / 14–2319 / 15–2525 / 19–3129 / 23–3330 / 26–3331 / 27–3435 / 32–3832 / 30–3429 / 27–3125 / 22–2821 / 17–2418 / 14–22
RH %63 / 60–7165 / 62–7265 / 62–7166 / 63–7166 / 63–7066 / 64–7066 / 63–6967 / 63–7067 / 62–7165 / 59–7163 / 58–7262 / 58–72

Each figure is the median across the 302 grid cells holding the 602 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1319:6023 (24.025, 121.175). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -4.5 °C, 1st-percentile night 1.1 °C, 99th-percentile day 28.5 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 302 distinct grid cells holding the 602 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1319:6023 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 24.00_121.250, lapse-corrected +74 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 1397 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeHainan, China Southeast, Taiwan, Assam, East Himalaya, Vietnam· introduced: Nansei-shoto, West Himalaya, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Alabama
Kew's description“tree” · “temperate”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker23.872, 120.927 · in the densest population, 459 records (75% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 613 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 246 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 43 km away. 470 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 11 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 613 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Prunus campanulataPrunus campanulataPrunus campanulataPrunus campanulataPrunus campanulataPrunus campanulataPrunus campanulataPrunus campanulata

Photographs: (c) Jhonatan Matheus, some rights reserved (CC BY) (6); (c) Geoff, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Prunus campanulata, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Antioxidant Activity of Some Plant Extracts Towards Xanthine Oxidase, Lipoxygenase and Tyrosinase
Chin‐Hui Chen, Hsiu-Chen Chan, Yi-Tsu Chu, Hsin-Yi Ho (2009) · Molecules
Protein changes between dormant and dormancy‐broken seeds of Prunus campanulata Maxim
Chung-Shu Lee, Ching‐Te Chien, Chao‐Hsiung Lin, Yi‐Ying Chiu (2006) · PROTEOMICS
Transcriptome and flower genes analysis ofPrunus campanulataMaxim
Kuan-Feng Huang, Chi‐Hsiang Wen, Chieh-Ting Wang, Fang‐Hua Chu (2019) · The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology
Effect of Stratification and Drying on the Germination and Storage of Prunus campanulata Seeds
Ching‐Te Chien, Shun‐Ying Chen, Jeng-Chuann Yang (2002) · Táiwān línyè kēxué
Flavonoids of Various Prunus Species. III. The Flavonoids in the Wood of Prunus campanulata
Masao Hasegawa, Teruo Shirato (1954) · Journal of the American Chemical Society
The chloroplast genome of Prunus dielsiana (Rosaceae)
Kai Zhao, Yuzhen Zhou, Yan Zheng, Bin Chen (2019) · Mitochondrial DNA Part B

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Prunus 29 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not asked
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 64 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.