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Psephellus leucophyllus; photograph C T Johansson, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SAC T Johansson, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Psephellus leucophyllus (M.Bieb.) C.A.Mey.

White-leaved Psephellus

Asteraceae · North Caucasus

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Psephellus leucophyllus, photograph C T Johansson, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsPsephellus leucophyllus, photograph C T Johansson, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsPsephellus leucophyllus, photograph C T Johansson, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsPsephellus leucophyllus, photograph C T Johansson, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsPsephellus leucophyllus, photograph Ettrig, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsPsephellus leucophyllus, photograph Ettrig, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 9 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-15.9°C
Record low -26.5 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
21°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,486mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
10–37DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes April to October, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Psephellus

Psephellus is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae, native to eastern Europe and western Asia. A taxonomic revision reassigned many species from Centaurea to Psephellus.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Psephellus", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (933 mm of 1,260 mm) falls in April to October, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 12.4 °C against a yearly mean of 6.6 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: October to April.

Rain

1,260 mm in the median year at the habitat, 933 mm of it April to October. Wettest month June at 153 mm, driest month January at 52 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 628 mm to 2,507 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,486 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,260 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 10 to 37 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 8, the highest 90th-percentile month 41).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -15.9 °C, the absolute minimum -26.5 °C, 6,023 frost nights in 44 years, 136.9 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 30.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -8.3 °C in January and February (across the grid cells of the range -17.4 °C to -5.3 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 20.9 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -15.9 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 60 to 62% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +54 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Psephellus leucophyllus through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 21 °C; coldest months January and February, mean nightly low -8.3 °C; 1,260 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost30.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-26.5° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 10–37RH 60–62%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 22 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C1 / -9–21 / -8–24 / -5–710 / 1–1415 / 6–1918 / 11–2221 / 14–2521 / 14–2617 / 10–2112 / 4–156 / -3–82 / -8–4
Night °C-8 / -17–-5-8 / -16–-6-5 / -13–-21 / -7–46 / -3–910 / 1–1413 / 5–1713 / 5–168 / 1–123 / -5–6-3 / -12–0-7 / -16–-3
Rain mm52 / 19–27858 / 20–20387 / 35–193136 / 55–176151 / 78–237153 / 105–259152 / 68–214139 / 59–199102 / 50–194100 / 40–22475 / 32–29255 / 24–304
DLI12 / 10–1818 / 16–2525 / 23–3330 / 29–3735 / 33–4136 / 35–4037 / 36–4134 / 32–3726 / 23–2918 / 16–2412 / 11–1910 / 8–15
RH %61 / 58–6461 / 59–6461 / 59–6361 / 59–6362 / 59–6362 / 59–6361 / 58–6561 / 58–6461 / 58–6361 / 58–6360 / 57–6561 / 57–65
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 22 grid cells holding the 29 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 920:4451 (43.975, 42.575). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -26.5 °C, 1st-percentile night -15.9 °C, 99th-percentile day 30.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 22 distinct grid cells holding 29 of the 29 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 920:4451 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 44.00_42.500, lapse-corrected +54 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 1089 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeNorth Caucasus · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker43.996, 42.794 · in the densest population, 38 records (69% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 55 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 29 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 46 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 7 km away. 26 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 55 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Psephellus leucophyllus, photograph 1did not loadPsephellus leucophyllus, photograph 2did not loadPsephellus leucophyllus, photograph 3did not loadPsephellus leucophyllus, photograph 4did not loadPsephellus leucophyllus, photograph 5did not loadPsephellus leucophyllus, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: C T Johansson, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons (4); Ettrig, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Veronica peduncularis Veronica peduncularis Plantaginaceae Photo: CC BY, Юлия ЗахаренкоDianthus fragrans Dianthus fragrans Fragrant pink Photo: CC BY, Наталья ПикаловаHedlundia armeniaca Hedlundia armeniaca Rosaceae Photo: CC BY, Илья РуденкоEryngium giganteum Eryngium giganteum Tall eryngo Photo: CC0, author not statedScabiosa bipinnata Scabiosa bipinnata Caprifoliaceae Photo: CC BY, Виктория БилоусPedicularis sibthorpii Pedicularis sibthorpii Orobanchaceae Photo: CC BY, Наталья Пикалова

Other Psephellus 11 in the reference

Psephellus bellus Psephellus bellus Asteraceae Photo: CC0, DaderotPsephellus caucasicus Psephellus caucasicus Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Modest_Reindeer Psephellus colchicus Asteraceae Psephellus dealbatus Psephellus dealbatus Persian Cornflower Photo: CC BY, Valerii GlazunovPsephellus holophyllus Psephellus holophyllus Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Екатерина ГущинаPsephellus hypoleucus Psephellus hypoleucus Asteraceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Dominicus Johannes BergsmaPsephellus pulcherrimus Psephellus pulcherrimus Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Denys VynokurovPsephellus sibiricus Psephellus sibiricus Asteraceae Photo: CC0, author not statedPsephellus simplicicaulis Psephellus simplicicaulis Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Michael, Antoni and Nihat HinczewskiPsephellus sumensis Psephellus sumensis Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Анна Митрошенкова Psephellus transcaucasicus Asteraceae

Names & registers

Also known as Centaurea decumbens; Centaurea leucophylla; Psephellus decumbens. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Asteraceae
Described by
(M.Bieb.) C.A.Mey.
Native to
North Caucasus
Wild records
55 in range · 46 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 44.00_42.500, lapse-corrected +54 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 6 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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