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An example collection, so you can see what this page does. Nothing added here is kept: leaving deletes it.
Psychotria peduncularis; photograph (c) Matteo Bellucci, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Matteo Bellucci, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-03-19

Psychotria peduncularis (Salisb.) Steyerm.

Rubiaceae · Benin, The Gambia +28

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Psychotria peduncularis, photograph (c) Matteo Bellucci, some rights reserved (CC BY)Psychotria peduncularis, photograph (c) avocat, some rights reserved (CC BY) 3 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
15.1°C
Record low 12.0 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
32°C
Feb at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,891mm
10 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
25–38DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
A sharp rainy season, June to October (the habitat's months, not shifted), in a year of even temperature. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Psychotria

Psychotria is a large genus of flowering plants in the coffee family Rubiaceae, with over 1,600 species. The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small understorey trees in tropical forests. Some species are endangered or facing extinction due to deforestation, especially species of central Africa and the Pacific.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Psychotria", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,415 mm of 1,937 mm) falls in June to October. The temperature curve is flat, 2.3 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

1,937 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,415 mm of it June to October. Wettest month August at 364 mm, driest month January at 11 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,370 mm to 3,761 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,891 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,937 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 25 to 38 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 22, the highest 90th-percentile month 45).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 15.1 °C, the absolute minimum 12.0 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 40.6 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 20.0 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 16.8 °C to 22.5 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 31.9 °C in February (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 15.1 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 53 to 69% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -2 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Psychotria peduncularis through the yearWarmest month February, mean daily high 32 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 20.0 °C; 1,937 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.10°15°20°25°30°35°40°45°40.6° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER12.0° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0200400600800mm rainDLI 25–38RH 53–69%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 72 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C31 / 26–3432 / 27–3631 / 27–3730 / 27–3730 / 27–3628 / 25–3227 / 25–2927 / 25–2928 / 26–3029 / 26–3129 / 27–3230 / 26–33
Night °C20 / 17–2321 / 18–2322 / 19–2423 / 20–2423 / 20–2523 / 19–2522 / 18–2422 / 18–2422 / 19–2422 / 19–2422 / 18–2421 / 17–23
Rain mm11 / 0–16930 / 0–17487 / 0–259146 / 0–305173 / 15–348192 / 105–366294 / 61–549364 / 70–630351 / 136–469214 / 131–47060 / 11–31415 / 0–215
DLI36 / 28–3738 / 30–3937 / 30–4435 / 30–4533 / 28–4329 / 24–3626 / 22–3025 / 22–2928 / 24–3031 / 25–3433 / 26–3634 / 27–35
RH %53 / 43–7056 / 47–7061 / 49–7264 / 53–7267 / 56–7368 / 62–7468 / 66–7569 / 66–7569 / 67–7568 / 65–7463 / 58–7357 / 48–71

Records on both sides of the equator: the 7 cells at least 10° south of it have seasons six months apart and are left out, not combined into a year no place has. These figures are across the 72 cells that remain: the 28 at least 10° north and the 44 within 10° of the equator, which stay in either way.

How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 72 grid cells holding the 102 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1566:3299 (11.675, -15.025). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 12.0 °C, 1st-percentile night 15.1 °C, 99th-percentile day 40.6 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 72 distinct grid cells holding 102 of the 110 in-range records on the northern side of the equator (28 cells poleward of 10° north, 7 poleward of 10° south: the two sides' seasons are not combined, and cells within 10° of the equator stay in); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1566:3299 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 11.50_-15.000, lapse-corrected -2 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 23 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeBenin, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Burundi, Cabinda, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gulf of Guinea Is., Zaïre, Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker4.816, 9.252 · in the densest population, 294 records (36% of those in range)
Kew's description“subshrub or shrub” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 814 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 102 of them in the land cells it reads, of 110 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 797 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 1 km away. 4 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 704 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 814 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Psychotria peduncularis, photograph 1did not loadPsychotria peduncularis, photograph 2did not load

Photographs: (c) Matteo Bellucci, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) avocat, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Marantochloa cuspidata Marantochloa Combretum grandiflorum Combretum grandiflorum Combretaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedTabernaemontana africana Tabernaemontana africana Apocynaceae Photo: CC BY, pbsgNapoleonaea vogelii Napoleonaea vogelii Lecythidaceae Photo: CC BY, User:BotBlnClerodendrum umbellatum Clerodendrum umbellatum Umbel clerodendrum Photo: CC BY, Philippe Hornus Ceropegia deightonii Apocynaceae

Other Psychotria 21 in the reference

Psychotria alba Rubiaceae Psychotria asiatica Psychotria asiatica Rubiaceae Photo: CC BY, Zheng-An WangPsychotria calva Psychotria calva Rubiaceae Photo: CC BY, Sunday Berlioz KAKPOPsychotria capensis Psychotria capensis Bird-Berry Photo: CC BY, Ronald OlivierPsychotria carthagenensis Psychotria carthagenensis Amyruca Photo: CC BY, Rocío Esmeralda PosePsychotria daphnoides Psychotria daphnoides Smooth Psychotria Photo: CC BY-SA, Greg Tasney Psychotria kirkii Rubiaceae Psychotria ligustrifolia Psychotria ligustrifolia Smooth wild coffee Photo: CC BY, Tom FieldPsychotria loniceroides Psychotria loniceroides Rubiaceae Photo: CC BY, Andrew Thornhill Psychotria maingayi Rubiaceae Psychotria micrantha Psychotria micrantha Rubiaceae Photo: CC BY, Andres HernandezPsychotria nervosa Psychotria nervosa Bastard Cankerberry Photo: CC0, author not stated all 22 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Cephaelis baillehachei; Cephaelis peduncularis; Uragoga atenensis; Uragoga bayakaensis; Uragoga bieleri and 26 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Rubiaceae
Described by
(Salisb.) Steyerm.
Native to
Benin, The Gambia, Ghana +27
Wild records
814 in range · 797 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 2 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (2 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 11.50_-15.000, lapse-corrected -2 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rules
Wikimedia Commons commons nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 58 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…