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Pteris tremula; photograph (c) Pluto Hooper, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Pluto Hooper, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-09-24

Pteris tremula R.Br.

Australian brake; Tender brake; Australian bracken; Shaking brake

Pteridaceae · Norfolk Is., New South Wales +12 · listed by its genus as a fern or moss

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Pteris tremula, photograph (c) Shaun, some rights reserved (CC BY)Pteris tremula, photograph (c) Ian Rainbow, some rights reserved (CC BY)Pteris tremula, photograph (c) Ian Rainbow, some rights reserved (CC BY)Pteris tremula, photograph (c) Ian Rainbow, some rights reserved (CC BY)Pteris tremula, photograph (c) Ian Rainbow, some rights reserved (CC BY)Pteris tremula, photograph (c) Christopher Stephens, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) 66 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
3.4°C
Record low 0.6 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
24°C
Jan at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,101mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
13–43DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 9 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Pteris tremula, commonly known as Australian brake, tender brake, tender brakefern, shaking brake is a fern species of the family Pteridaceae native to sheltered areas and forests in eastern Australia and New Zealand. It has pale green, lacy fronds of up to 2 meters (6.6 feet) in length. It is fast-growing and easy to grow in cultivation, but can become weedy.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Pteris tremula", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Pteris

Pteris (brake) is a genus of about 300 species of ferns in the subfamily Pteridoideae of the family Pteridaceae. They are native to tropical and subtropical regions, southward to New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa, north to Japan and North America. 78 species are found in China. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Pteris", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Grouped as a fern or moss, listed under the genus Pteris in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “rhizomatous geophyte”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (814 mm of 1,052 mm) takes 9 months, February to July and October to December. Mean temperature moves 9.6 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: August to January and April to June.

Rain

1,052 mm in the median year at the habitat, 814 mm of it February to July and October to December. Wettest month June at 98 mm, driest month September at 74 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 749 mm to 1,644 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,101 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,052 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 13 to 43 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 10, the highest 90th-percentile month 46).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 3.4 °C, the absolute minimum 0.6 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 37.0 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 6.3 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range 3.0 °C to 10.2 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 23.6 °C in January (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 3.4 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 59 to 62% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -348 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the genus Pteris in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “rhizomatous geophyte”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Pteris tremula through the yearWarmest month January, mean daily high 24 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low 6.3 °C; 1,052 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost37.0° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER0.6° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 13–43RH 59–62%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 986 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C24 / 19–2823 / 20–2721 / 18–2519 / 16–2216 / 13–1913 / 11–1713 / 10–1714 / 11–1815 / 13–2117 / 14–2420 / 16–2522 / 18–27
Night °C15 / 13–1916 / 13–1914 / 11–1812 / 9–1610 / 6–137 / 4–116 / 3–107 / 4–109 / 5–1210 / 7–1412 / 9–1614 / 11–18
Rain mm82 / 48–14387 / 44–16487 / 51–14489 / 54–14091 / 57–14498 / 55–16687 / 44–17182 / 42–15674 / 44–13387 / 63–13694 / 66–13194 / 61–149
DLI43 / 40–4637 / 35–4131 / 29–3322 / 20–2716 / 14–2113 / 10–1914 / 12–2119 / 17–2727 / 24–3435 / 32–3840 / 38–4343 / 40–46
RH %61 / 56–6462 / 57–6561 / 58–6461 / 58–6462 / 59–6562 / 59–6662 / 57–6660 / 55–6560 / 55–6459 / 56–6460 / 57–6361 / 57–64
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 986 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (1444 records in those cells; 8 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2400:6655 (-30.025, 152.775). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 0.6 °C, 1st-percentile night 3.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 37.0 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 986 distinct grid cells holding 1444 of the 1452 in-range records (8 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2400:6655 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -30.00_152.500, lapse-corrected -348 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 284 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeNorfolk Is., New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Chatham Is., Kermadec Is., New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Fiji, Vanuatu, Tubuai Is. · introduced: Azores, Canary Is., Madeira, Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal, India, California, Mexico Northeast, Argentina Northeast · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-37.776, 145.584 · in the densest population, 715 records (44% of those in range)
Kew's description“rhizomatous geophyte” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1638 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1444 of them in the land cells it reads, of 1452 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 1150 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 75 km away. 112 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 186 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 1638 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Pteris tremula, photograph 1did not loadPteris tremula, photograph 2did not loadPteris tremula, photograph 3did not loadPteris tremula, photograph 4did not loadPteris tremula, photograph 5did not loadPteris tremula, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Shaun, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Ian Rainbow, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4); (c) Christopher Stephens, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Lindsaea linearis Lindsaea linearis Screw Fern Photo: CC BY, Hannah RogersSolanum vescum Solanum vescum Green kangaroo-apple Photo: CC BY-SA, Lachlan CopelandGahnia sieberiana Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedge Photo: CC0, author not statedGleichenia dicarpa Gleichenia dicarpa Pouched Coral-fern Photo: CC BY, Andrew Thornhill Blechnum parrisiae Aspleniaceae Hibbertia empetrifolia Hibbertia empetrifolia Trailing guinea flower Photo: CC BY, Petra Holland

Other Pteris 33 in the reference

Pteris altissima Pteris altissima Tall brake Photo: CC BY, Guillaume DelaitrePteris argyraea Pteris argyraea Pteridaceae Photo: CC BY, Pranav Chandra BosePteris arisanensis Pteris arisanensis Pteridaceae Photo: CC BY, 黃美滿 Pteris aspericaulis Pteridaceae Pteris bahamensis Pteris bahamensis Bahama brake Photo: CC BY, Tom FieldPteris biaurita Pteris biaurita Thinleaf brake Photo: CC BY, 黃美滿Pteris blumeana Pteris blumeana Pteridaceae Photo: CC BY, Eric KnightPteris cretica Pteris cretica Ribbon fern Photo: CC BY, jamie-aaPteris dactylina Pteris dactylina Pteridaceae Photo: CC BY, Yu-Chang ChenPteris dentata Pteris dentata Toothed Brake Photo: CC BY, Jeremy GilmorePteris dispar Pteris dispar Unequal-lobe brake fern Photo: CC0, author not statedPteris ensiformis Pteris ensiformis Slender brake Photo: CC BY, Kalvin Chan all 34 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Pteris affinis; Pteris argentea; Pteris arguta var. tremula; Pteris baueriana; Pteris chrysocarpa and 5 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Pteridaceae
Described by
R.Br.
Native to
Norfolk Is., New South Wales, Northern Territory +11
Wild records
1638 in range · 1150 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 92 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (59 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 13 at a herbarium, 20 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -30.00_152.500, lapse-corrected -348 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 57 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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