53 photographs › At a glance
- Jan, shaded
- Feb, shaded
- Mar, shaded
- Apr
- May
- Jun, under 5 mm of rain
- Jul, under 5 mm of rain
- Aug, under 5 mm of rain
- Sep
- Oct
- Nov, shaded
- Dec, shaded
Summary
Rhamnus crenulata is a species of plant in the family Rhamnaceae. It is endemic to the Canary Islands of Spain. It is threatened by Mediterranean Matorral shrubland habitat loss. In the Canary Islands it is also known as espinero and to the wider community as Canary Buckthorn.
Quoted from Wikipedia, "Rhamnus crenulata", CC BY-SA 4.0.
Cultivation
Seasons
The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (324 mm of 430 mm) falls in November to March, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 16.0 °C against a yearly mean of 17.9 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: May to September.
Rain
430 mm in the median year at the habitat, 324 mm of it November to March. Wettest month December at 78 mm, driest month July at 2 mm; 3 months under 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 315 mm to 675 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 436 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 430 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.
Light
Open sky over the habitat: 21 to 49 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 18, the highest 90th-percentile month 50).
Warmth and air
Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 14.3 °C in February (across the grid cells of the range 11.4 °C to 16.1 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 22.8 °C in August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: none read. The nearest figure is 14.3 °C, the coldest month's mean nightly low, February, in the median year (CHELSA); a month's mean of its nightly lows is warmer than the nights a floor is read from. The daily extremes were read at a weather cell that is mostly sea and are not used.
Relative humidity at the habitat: 60 to 63% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.
How this section is made
Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.
Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.
Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.
Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.
Temperature. CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. No cold floor is read without a daily extremes series; the coldest month's mean nightly low named in its sentence is not one. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.
Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.
Climate across the habitat
Habitat months, northern hemisphere
Mean daily high from 16 °C in Jan and Feb to 23 °C in Aug; mean nightly low from 14 °C in Feb to 21 °C in Aug. The cold quarter, Jan to Mar, is the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low. 430 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added), the wettest month Dec. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 69 habitat cells. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.
Figures by month
| Figure | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day °C | 16 / 14–18 | 16 / 14–18 | 17 / 14–18 | 17 / 15–19 | 18 / 16–20 | 20 / 19–21 | 22 / 21–24 | 23 / 22–24 | 22 / 21–23 | 21 / 19–23 | 19 / 16–21 | 18 / 15–19 |
| Night °C | 15 / 11–16 | 14 / 11–16 | 15 / 12–16 | 15 / 12–17 | 16 / 14–18 | 18 / 16–20 | 20 / 18–22 | 21 / 18–22 | 20 / 18–22 | 19 / 16–21 | 17 / 14–19 | 16 / 13–18 |
| Rain mm | 59 / 45–87 | 63 / 49–101 | 52 / 29–74 | 26 / 17–39 | 10 / 5–15 | 4 / 1–7 | 2 / 0–4 | 4 / 2–6 | 13 / 6–19 | 47 / 31–74 | 72 / 49–107 | 78 / 58–148 |
| DLI | 23 / 20–26 | 29 / 26–32 | 37 / 34–39 | 43 / 41–45 | 47 / 45–48 | 49 / 47–50 | 48 / 46–49 | 44 / 43–46 | 39 / 37–41 | 31 / 28–34 | 25 / 21–27 | 21 / 18–24 |
| RH % | 60 / 56–63 | 61 / 55–64 | 61 / 53–63 | 62 / 56–65 | 62 / 55–66 | 63 / 51–67 | 61 / 42–67 | 62 / 44–67 | 63 / 53–67 | 63 / 57–67 | 62 / 58–64 | 62 / 59–65 |
The daily extremes were read at a NASA POWER cell that is 8% land: neither it nor the next candidates whose coldest month's mean nightly low is within 2 °C of the median across cells sit in a POWER cell that is mostly land, and the rule reads a cold floor only from a cell that is mostly land, so none is read for this species. Nor is the coldest month's mean nightly low taken as one: it is a mean of a month's lows, not its coldest night. What that cell gave over 44 years: absolute minimum 9.5 °C, 1st-percentile night 12.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 21.5 °C.
How this section is made
Natural habitat
How this section is made
Photographs
Photographs: (c) Ben Jobson, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Elias, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Jakob Horz, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0.
Related
Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.
Ceropegia dichotoma Apocynaceae Photo: CC BY, Mikel Etxeberria Okariz
Echium strictum Boraginaceae Photo: CC BY, Ben Jobson
Aeonium canariense Canary Aeonium Photo: CC BY, Cody Hinchliff
Habenaria tridactylites The Three Fingered Habenaria Photo: CC BY, Ben Jobson
Bosea yervamora Amaranthaceae Photo: CC BY, Attila Oláh
Teucrium heterophyllum Lamiaceae Photo: CC BY, Vítor JorgeOther Rhamnus 36 in the reference
Rhamnus alaternus Mediterranean buckthorn Photo: CC BY, Thomas Dreux
Rhamnus alnifolia Rhamnaceae Photo: Public domain, Robert H. Mohlenbrock
Rhamnus alpina Rhamnaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, H Brisse (upload by Abalg)
Rhamnus cathartica Buckthorn Photo: CC BY-SA, Tyler Smith
Rhamnus costata Rhamnaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz
Rhamnus crocea Rhamnaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Stan Shebs
Rhamnus davurica Rhamnaceae Photo: Public domain, Steve Hurst. Provided by ARS Systematic… Rhamnus diffusa Rhamnaceae 
Rhamnus erythroxyloides Pallas' Buckthorn Photo: CC BY, Наталья Пикалова
Rhamnus erythroxylum Rhamnaceae Photo: CC BY, Urgamal Magsar
Rhamnus fallax Rhamnaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Jan Eckstein
Rhamnus formosana Rhamnaceae Photo: CC0, author not stated all 37 ›Names & registers
The record
Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →
Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 19 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (18 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)climate answeredasked 2026-10-22climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 29.00_-18.125, lapse-corrected +537 m at 6.5 °C/km; read, and set aside: NASA POWER's cell is mostly sea (8% land), so no cold floor is shownwikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22inat.photos.cultivated not askedgbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshotEvery source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 23 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.