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Roemeria sicula; photograph Mario Bassini, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons CC BYMario Bassini, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Roemeria sicula (Guss.) Galasso, Banfi, L.Sáez & Bartolucci

Papaveraceae · Baleares, Corse +35

English names not checked: Wikidata's common names were not read for this page.

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Roemeria sicula, photograph Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsRoemeria sicula, photograph Javier martin, Public domain, via Wikimedia CommonsRoemeria sicula, photograph Philmarin, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsRoemeria sicula, photograph nick fullerton, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia CommonsRoemeria sicula, photograph Javier martinlo, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsRoemeria sicula, photograph Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 12 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-1.4°C
Record low -5.9 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
29°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
546mm
10 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
12–48DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes October to February and April to May, read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Roemeria sicula, the rough poppy or round pricklyhead poppy, is a widespread species of flowering plant in the poppy family. It is native to the Mediterranean region, and western Asia as far as the western Himalayas, and has been introduced to much of the rest of Europe, South Africa, all of Australia, some US states, Chile and Argentina. It is a minor weed of cereal crops, and its range is expected to greatly expand due to climate change.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Roemeria sicula", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (379 mm of 508 mm) falls in October to February and April to May, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 11.7 °C against a yearly mean of 15.4 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: April to August and October to November.

Rain

508 mm in the median year at the habitat, 379 mm of it October to February and April to May. Wettest month December at 65 mm, driest month July at 10 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 332 mm to 760 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 546 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 508 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 12 to 48 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 8, the highest 90th-percentile month 51).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -1.4 °C, the absolute minimum -5.9 °C, 397 frost nights in 44 years, 9.0 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 42.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 2.7 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -0.4 °C to 9.4 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 29.4 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -1.4 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 53 to 62% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -357 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Roemeria sicula through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 29 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 2.7 °C; 508 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-10°0°10°20°30°40°50°frost42.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-5.9° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0255075100125mm rainDLI 12–48RH 53–62%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 1019 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C11 / 4–1512 / 5–1615 / 8–1918 / 13–2121 / 18–2426 / 22–3029 / 25–3329 / 26–3325 / 21–2920 / 16–2415 / 10–1912 / 6–16
Night °C3 / 0–93 / -1–106 / 2–118 / 5–1312 / 9–1516 / 14–1919 / 16–2219 / 17–2216 / 13–2012 / 9–177 / 4–134 / 1–11
Rain mm51 / 27–8746 / 26–7442 / 24–6150 / 25–6944 / 18–6425 / 7–5710 / 2–4015 / 3–5437 / 17–7459 / 32–9264 / 36–10365 / 30–118
DLI14 / 9–1920 / 15–2530 / 23–3437 / 32–4142 / 39–4647 / 42–5048 / 42–5142 / 37–4633 / 28–3723 / 18–2815 / 11–2112 / 8–17
RH %61 / 58–6559 / 57–6357 / 54–6257 / 53–6156 / 51–6154 / 48–6153 / 44–6055 / 45–6157 / 49–6159 / 55–6260 / 57–6462 / 58–65
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 1019 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (1476 records in those cells; 8 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1037:3531 (38.125, -3.425). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -5.9 °C, 1st-percentile night -1.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 42.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 1019 distinct grid cells holding 1476 of the 1489 in-range records (8 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1037:3531 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 38.00_-3.125, lapse-corrected -357 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 391 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

This species has no GBIF key of its own. Its records are GBIF's under the keys of the names Kew's World Checklist holds as this plant: 3601383 (Papaver hybridum var. siculum (Guss.) Raimondo & Spadaro, 0 records), 3602190 (Papaver siculum Guss., 0 records), 9249778 (Papaver hybridum subsp. siculum (Guss.) Arcang., 1 record), 12349589 (Roemeria sicula (Guss.), 2000 records). No name was matched to GBIF; the keys are read from Kew's synonymy. How.

NativeBaleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia, Krym, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Canary Is., Madeira, Turkmenistan, North Caucasus, Transcaucasus, Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, West Himalaya · introduced: Great Britain, Ireland, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Switzerland, Romania, Baltic States, Ukraine, Cape Provinces, Northern Provinces, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, Pennsylvania, California, Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, Argentina Northeast, Chile Central · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker40.279, -3.682 · in the densest population, 863 records (51% of those in range)
Kew's description“annual” · “subtropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1705 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1476 of them in the land cells it reads, of 1489 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 281 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 27 km away. 106 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 216 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 3601383 (Papaver hybridum var. siculum (Guss.) Raimondo & Spadaro): Kew's file holds it as Papaver hybridum var. siculum (Guss.) Raimondo & Spadaro (synonym under Roemeria sicula (Guss.) Galasso, Banfi, L.Sáez & Bartolucci); 0 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.Records also from GBIF's key 3602190 (Papaver siculum Guss.): Kew's file holds it as Papaver siculum Guss. (synonym under Roemeria sicula (Guss.) Galasso, Banfi, L.Sáez & Bartolucci); 0 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.Records also from GBIF's key 9249778 (Papaver hybridum subsp. siculum (Guss.) Arcang.): Kew's file holds it as Papaver hybridum subsp. siculum (Guss.) Arcang. (synonym under Roemeria sicula (Guss.) Galasso, Banfi, L.Sáez & Bartolucci); 1 record, from GBIF's download.Records also from GBIF's key 12349589 (Roemeria sicula (Guss.)): Kew's file holds it as Roemeria sicula (Guss.) Galasso, Banfi, L.Sáez & Bartolucci (accepted); 2,000 records, from GBIF's download.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 1705 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Roemeria sicula, photograph 1did not loadRoemeria sicula, photograph 2did not loadRoemeria sicula, photograph 3did not loadRoemeria sicula, photograph 4did not loadRoemeria sicula, photograph 5did not loadRoemeria sicula, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (2); Javier martin, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons; Philmarin, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons; nick fullerton, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Javier martinlo, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Lycium europaeum Lycium europaeum European matrimony-vine Photo: CC BY, Duarte FradeMarsilea strigosa Marsilea strigosa Marsileaceae Photo: CC BY, Santiago Martín-BravoCentaurea melitensis Centaurea melitensis Maltese star-thistle Photo: CC BY, er-birdsNeatostema apulum Neatostema apulum Hairy sheepweed Photo: CC BY, Duarte FradeFumana thymifolia Fumana thymifolia Thyme-leaved Rockrose Photo: CC BY, Bernd De BosscherPlantago albicans Plantago albicans Plantaginaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Collados Ana

Other Roemeria 4 in the reference

Roemeria argemone Roemeria argemone Long prickly-head poppy Photo: CC BY, Stephan MendeRoemeria hybrida Roemeria hybrida Violet horned-poppy Photo: CC BY, Вячеслав ЮсуповRoemeria pavonina Roemeria pavonina Peacock Poppy Photo: CC BY, Вячеслав ЮсуповRoemeria refracta Roemeria refracta Asian corn-poppy Photo: CC BY, Orzigul Anvarova

Names & registers

Also known as Papaver heterotricum; Papaver siculum; Papaver hispidum; Papaver hybridum; Papaver hybridum var. tenuifolium and 12 more. (WCVP, RBG Kew)

IPNIPOWOWikipedia

The record

Family
Papaveraceae
Described by
(Guss.) Galasso, Banfi, L.Sáez & Bartolucci
Native to
Baleares, Corse, France +34
Wild records
1705 in range · 281 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
Kew's names (WCVP) kew.names answeredas of 2026-06-04Kew's entry Roemeria sicula (Guss.) Galasso, Banfi, L.Sáez & Bartolucci (plant_name_id 3284881), read from Kew's names file
GBIF species record gbif.species not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredasked 2026-10-22this species has no GBIF key of its own; its records are read under GBIF's keys for the names Kew's file holds as this plant, never by a name matched; GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 0 records of GBIF's key 3601383, Papaver hybridum var. siculum (Guss.) Raimondo & Spadaro (Kew's file holds it as Papaver hybridum var. siculum (Guss.) Raimondo & Spadaro (synonym under Roemeria sicula (Guss.) Galasso, Banfi, L.Sáez & Bartolucci)): GBIF occurrence search API; 0 records of GBIF's key 3602190, Papaver siculum Guss. (Kew's file holds it as Papaver siculum Guss. (synonym under Roemeria sicula (Guss.) Galasso, Banfi, L.Sáez & Bartolucci)): GBIF occurrence search API; 1 record of GBIF's key 9249778, Papaver hybridum subsp. siculum (Guss.) Arcang. (Kew's file holds it as Papaver hybridum subsp. siculum (Guss.) Arcang. (synonym under Roemeria sicula (Guss.) Galasso, Banfi, L.Sáez & Bartolucci)): the GBIF download; 2000 records of GBIF's key 12349589, Roemeria sicula (Guss.) (Kew's file holds it as Roemeria sicula (Guss.) Galasso, Banfi, L.Sáez & Bartolucci (accepted)): the GBIF download; 49 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (23 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 5 at a herbarium, 21 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 38.00_-3.125, lapse-corrected -357 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22no item carries Kew's IPNI identifier 77319917-1, POWO 77319917-1
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist taxon inat.taxon not asked
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 12 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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