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Sabdariffa furcellata (Lam.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett

Malvaceae · Hawaii, Florida +32

English names not checked: Wikidata's common names were not read for this page.

Photographs not checked iNaturalist and GBIF media were skipped (not asked) when this page was built. Not asked, or not answered, is not "none": nothing here claims there is none. Why the site says it this way.
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Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
15.4°C
Record low 11.8 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
32°C
Apr and May at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
2,111mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
25–41DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes June to November, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,513 mm of 2,017 mm) falls in June to November, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 26.6 °C against a yearly mean of 25.7 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to May.

Rain

2,017 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,513 mm of it June to November. Wettest month September at 348 mm, driest months (2 at 41 mm). Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,379 mm to 2,742 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 2,111 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 2,017 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 25 to 41 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 22, the highest 90th-percentile month 43).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 15.4 °C, the absolute minimum 11.8 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 39.9 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 19.0 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 16.5 °C to 21.9 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 32.1 °C in April (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 15.4 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 59 to 68% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -20 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Sabdariffa furcellata through the yearWarmest months April and May, mean daily high 32 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 19.0 °C; 2,017 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.10°15°20°25°30°35°40°45°39.9° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER11.8° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 25–41RH 59–68%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 55 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C26 / 25–2928 / 26–3030 / 27–3232 / 28–3432 / 28–3531 / 28–3230 / 28–3230 / 28–3230 / 28–3129 / 27–3028 / 26–2927 / 25–28
Night °C19 / 17–2219 / 17–2221 / 18–2223 / 20–2424 / 20–2524 / 21–2524 / 20–2524 / 20–2523 / 20–2522 / 20–2421 / 18–2320 / 17–22
Rain mm101 / 38–14183 / 26–12941 / 20–19541 / 29–310107 / 86–319239 / 172–351213 / 144–323270 / 134–381348 / 179–447266 / 120–345177 / 49–240131 / 34–180
DLI26 / 23–3330 / 28–3536 / 33–3941 / 32–4341 / 29–4236 / 28–3936 / 31–4034 / 32–3932 / 29–3629 / 27–3327 / 25–3225 / 22–31
RH %65 / 59–6763 / 58–6659 / 55–6559 / 54–6760 / 56–6864 / 63–6865 / 62–6966 / 62–6968 / 63–7067 / 63–6965 / 62–6865 / 60–67
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 55 grid cells holding the 64 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1441:1723 (17.925, -93.825). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 11.8 °C, 1st-percentile night 15.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 39.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 55 distinct grid cells holding 64 of the 64 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1441:1723 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 18.00_-93.750, lapse-corrected -20 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 11 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

This species has no GBIF key of its own. Its records are GBIF's under the keys of the names Kew's World Checklist holds as this plant: 3152553 (Hibiscus furcellatus Lam., 257 records), 3937252 (Hibiscus furcellatus var. genuinus Gürke, 0 records), 5617755 (Furcaria furcellata Ulbr., 0 records). No name was matched to GBIF; the keys are read from Kew's synonymy. How.

NativeHawaii, Florida, Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast, Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Is., French Guiana, Guyana, Surinam, Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil West-Central, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil North, Brazil South, Argentina Northeast, Paraguay · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker17.817, -93.617 · in the densest population, 47 records (24% of those in range)
Kew's description“shrub” · “seasonally dry tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 192 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 64 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 177 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker in the same place. 5 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 128 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 3152553 (Hibiscus furcellatus Lam.): Kew's file holds it as Hibiscus furcellatus Lam. (synonym under Sabdariffa furcellata (Lam.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett); 257 records, from GBIF's download.Records also from GBIF's key 3937252 (Hibiscus furcellatus var. genuinus Gürke): Kew's file holds it as Hibiscus furcellatus var. genuinus Gürke (invalid under Sabdariffa furcellata (Lam.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett); 0 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.Records also from GBIF's key 5617755 (Furcaria furcellata Ulbr.): Kew's file holds it as Furcaria furcellata (Lam.) Ulbr. (synonym under Sabdariffa furcellata (Lam.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett); 0 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 192 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Not checked. iNaturalist and GBIF media were skipped (not asked) when this page was built. Not a statement that none exist.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Ipomoea fimbriosepala Ipomoea fimbriosepala Convolvulaceae Photo: CC BY, Alexis López HernándezPontederia sagittata Pontederia sagittata Pontederiaceae Photo: CC BY, Douglas Caro LopezAttalea cohune Attalea cohune Cohune palm Photo: CC BY, Nathan NguyenSyngonium angustatum Syngonium angustatum Fivefingers Photo: CC BY, 四角銅鑼Achimenes admirabilis Achimenes admirabilis Gesneriaceae Photo: CC BY, Annika LindqvistDeamia testudo Deamia testudo Devil's guts Photo: CC BY-SA, Jalil R.

Other Sabdariffa 11 in the reference

Sabdariffa aculeata Sabdariffa aculeata Malvaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, DouglasGoldman Sabdariffa brackenridgei Malvaceae Sabdariffa cannabina Malvaceae Sabdariffa divaricata Malvaceae Sabdariffa diversifolia Malvaceae Sabdariffa heterophylla Malvaceae Sabdariffa meraukensis Malvaceae Sabdariffa radiata Malvaceae Sabdariffa splendens Malvaceae Sabdariffa surattensis Malvaceae Sabdariffa uncinella Malvaceae

Names & registers

Also known as Hibiscus furcellatus var. diodon; Hibiscus furcellatus var. genuinus; Hibiscus furcellatus var. glandulosus; Hibiscus furcellatus var. multiformis; Furcaria furcellata and 12 more. (WCVP, RBG Kew)

IPNIPOWO

The record

Family
Malvaceae
Described by
(Lam.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett
Native to
Hawaii, Florida, Mexico Central +31
Wild records
192 in range · 177 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
Kew's names (WCVP) kew.names answeredas of 2026-06-04Kew's entry Sabdariffa furcellata (Lam.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett (plant_name_id 3330269), read from Kew's names file
GBIF species record gbif.species not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredasked 2026-10-22this species has no GBIF key of its own; its records are read under GBIF's keys for the names Kew's file holds as this plant, never by a name matched; GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 257 records of GBIF's key 3152553, Hibiscus furcellatus Lam. (Kew's file holds it as Hibiscus furcellatus Lam. (synonym under Sabdariffa furcellata (Lam.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett)): the GBIF download; 0 records of GBIF's key 3937252, Hibiscus furcellatus var. genuinus Gürke (Kew's file holds it as Hibiscus furcellatus var. genuinus Gürke (invalid under Sabdariffa furcellata (Lam.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett)): GBIF occurrence search API; 0 records of GBIF's key 5617755, Furcaria furcellata Ulbr. (Kew's file holds it as Furcaria furcellata (Lam.) Ulbr. (synonym under Sabdariffa furcellata (Lam.) M.M.Hanes & R.L.Barrett)): GBIF occurrence search API
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 18.00_-93.750, lapse-corrected -20 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22no item carries Kew's IPNI identifier 77362831-1, POWO 77362831-1
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist taxon inat.taxon not asked
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
Wikimedia Commons commons nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 40 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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