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Salix × canescens; photograph Helge Haugen, CC BY, via GBIF CC BYHelge Haugen, CC BY, via GBIF

Salix × canescens Willd.

Salicaceae · Finland, Great Britain +3

A hybrid: S. caprea × S. lapponum, the parents Kew's World Checklist states for it (WCVP, RBG Kew).

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Salix × canescens, photograph Helge Haugen, CC BY, via GBIFSalix × canescens, photograph Helge Haugen, CC BY, via GBIFSalix × canescens, photograph Helge Haugen, CC BY, via GBIF 4 photographs ›
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-17.1°C
Record low -25.4 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
18°C
Jul at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
814mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
1–37DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 7 records in 5 grid cells. The records.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (626 mm of 820 mm) takes 8 months, June to January. Mean temperature moves 20.3 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to July.

Rain

820 mm in the median year at the habitat, 626 mm of it June to January. Wettest month August at 95 mm, driest month February at 45 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 762 mm to 1,794 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 814 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 820 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 1 to 37 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -17.1 °C, the absolute minimum -25.4 °C, 7,437 frost nights in 44 years, 169.0 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 23.1 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -7.5 °C in February (across the grid cells of the range -9.1 °C to -7.0 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 17.9 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -17.1 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 57 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -38 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 7 records in 5 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Salix × canescens through the yearWarmest month July, mean daily high 18 °C; coldest month February, mean nightly low -7.5 °C; 820 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°frost23.1° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-25.4° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 1–37RH 57–66%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 5 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C-2 / -4–-2-3 / -3–-20 / 0–15 / 4–610 / 10–1215 / 14–1618 / 17–1917 / 16–1712 / 12–137 / 6–72 / 0–2-1 / -3–-1
Night °C-7 / -9–-6-8 / -9–-7-5 / -6–-5-1 / -3–-14 / 2–49 / 7–913 / 10–1312 / 9–138 / 5–93 / 0–4-2 / -5–-1-5 / -9–-5
Rain mm66 / 60–18445 / 41–14954 / 49–13747 / 43–9548 / 44–9562 / 57–12480 / 74–13795 / 89–17085 / 78–18186 / 80–16988 / 76–17464 / 60–183
DLI1 / 1–15 / 5–614 / 14–1525 / 25–2534 / 33–3437 / 33–3734 / 30–3425 / 24–2515 / 15–157 / 7–72 / 2–21 / 1–1
RH %65 / 64–6765 / 63–6664 / 62–6460 / 59–6157 / 56–6058 / 56–6260 / 59–6462 / 61–6463 / 62–6465 / 64–6666 / 64–6866 / 64–67
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 5 grid cells holding the 7 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 541:3772 (62.925, 8.625). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -25.4 °C, 1st-percentile night -17.1 °C, 99th-percentile day 23.1 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 5 distinct grid cells holding 7 of the 7 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 541:3772 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 63.00_8.750, lapse-corrected -38 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 376 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeFinland, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden, Baltic States · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker62.641, 17.85 · in the densest population, 7 records (41% of those in range)
Kew's description“subshrub or shrub” · “subalpine or subarctic” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 17 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 7 of them placed to within 10 km, all openly licensed and shown on the map. 7 records outside the WCVP native range not used. Under a dozen records behind the climate. 10 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 17 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Salix × canescens, photograph 1did not loadSalix × canescens, photograph 2did not loadSalix × canescens, photograph 3did not load

Photographs: Helge Haugen, CC BY, via GBIF (3).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Erysimum virgatum Erysimum virgatum European wallflower Photo: CC BY, naturalist charlieMyriophyllum sibiricum Myriophyllum sibiricum Siberian water-milfoil Photo: CC0, author not statedCarex limosa Carex limosa Bog-sedge Photo: CC BY, Марина СадыковаDrosera anglica Drosera anglica Great sundew Photo: CC BY-SA, Ryan HodnettAnthoxanthum nitens Anthoxanthum nitens Sweet grass Photo: CC BY, Christian KortnerRubus chamaemorus Rubus chamaemorus Cloudberry Photo: CC BY, Matt Berger

Other Salix 159 in the reference

Salix acmophylla Salix acmophylla Common Middle East willow Photo: CC BY, Nachman bonesSalix acutifolia Salix acutifolia Siberian violet-willow Photo: CC0, author not statedSalix aegyptiaca Salix aegyptiaca Salicaceae Photo: Public domain, Daderot Salix aeruginosa Salicaceae Salix alatavica Salicaceae Salix alaxensis Salix alaxensis Felt-leaf willow Photo: CC BY, Ingvild RiskaSalix alba Salix alba White willow Photo: CC BY, Codrin BucurSalix alpina Salix alpina Salicaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedSalix amygdaloides Salix amygdaloides Peach-leaf willow Photo: CC0, author not statedSalix apennina Salix apennina Large-leaved willow Photo: CC BY, Milan ChytrýSalix apoda Salix apoda Salicaceae Photo: CC BY, Dmitriy BochkovSalix appendiculata Salix appendiculata Salicaceae Photo: CC BY, Tom and T Herman all 160 ›

Names & registers

GBIFPOWOIPNI POWO and IPNI by the numbers of Kew's entry for this hybrid

The record

Family
Salicaceae
Described by
Willd.
Native to
Finland, Great Britain, Norway +2
Wild records
17 in range · 17 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 63.00_8.750, lapse-corrected -38 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist taxon inat.taxon not asked
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikimedia Commons commons nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 6 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…