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An example collection, so you can see what this page does. Nothing added here is kept: leaving deletes it.
Saraca declinata; photograph (c) Nolan Exe, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Nolan Exe, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2019-01-21

Saraca declinata (Jack) Miq.

Red saraca; Sorrowless Tree

Fabaceae · Bangladesh, Cambodia +10

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Saraca declinata, photograph (c) Nolan Exe, some rights reserved (CC BY)Saraca declinata, photograph (c) Nolan Exe, some rights reserved (CC BY)Saraca declinata, photograph (c) Nolan Exe, some rights reserved (CC BY)Saraca declinata, photograph gbohne from Berlin, Germany, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia CommonsSaraca declinata, photograph gbohne from Berlin, Germany, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia CommonsSaraca declinata, photograph gbohne from Berlin, Germany, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons 13 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
19.2°C
Record low 16.2 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
30°C
Feb, Mar, Apr and May at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
2,639mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
28–37DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
A sharp rainy season, May to November (the habitat's months, not shifted), in a year of even temperature. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Saraca declinata, the red saraca or sorrowless tree, is a tree in genus Saraca belonging to the family Fabaceae. The species is found both in Thailand and Burma, and has been introduced in Ceylon. In Cambodia, it is called Cheay Sbay (lit. 'Veil rim' - Khmer: ជាយស្បៃ) or Kam roteh thum (កាំរទេះធំ).

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Saraca declinata", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Saraca

Saraca L. is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae of about 20 plant species of trees native to the lands from India and Sri Lanka to Indochina, southern China Malesia, and New Guinea.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Saraca", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,683 mm of 2,248 mm) falls in May to November. The temperature curve is flat, 2.0 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

2,248 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,683 mm of it May to November. Wettest month September at 299 mm, driest month January at 44 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,985 mm to 3,805 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 2,639 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 2,248 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 28 to 37 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 22, the highest 90th-percentile month 38).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 19.2 °C, the absolute minimum 16.2 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 36.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 21.0 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 12.3 °C to 22.9 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 30.1 °C in April and May (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 19.2 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 63 to 69% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +45 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Saraca declinata through the yearWarmest months February, March, April and May, mean daily high 30 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 21.0 °C; 2,248 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.10°15°20°25°30°35°40°36.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER16.2° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0200400600800mm rainDLI 28–37RH 63–69%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 19 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C28 / 25–3030 / 27–3230 / 28–3330 / 29–3230 / 28–3129 / 28–3129 / 27–3029 / 27–3129 / 28–3029 / 27–3028 / 26–3028 / 24–29
Night °C21 / 12–2321 / 15–2322 / 17–2423 / 20–2523 / 21–2523 / 21–2522 / 21–2522 / 21–2522 / 21–2422 / 19–2422 / 16–2321 / 13–23
Rain mm44 / 8–43248 / 26–315106 / 63–327161 / 121–332240 / 178–369220 / 118–579215 / 131–698207 / 153–674299 / 184–405250 / 134–361252 / 18–437206 / 7–379
DLI31 / 28–3435 / 31–3737 / 31–3837 / 30–3832 / 29–3531 / 24–3431 / 24–3433 / 22–3431 / 27–3530 / 27–3329 / 25–3228 / 25–32
RH %65 / 57–7163 / 58–7065 / 58–7165 / 62–7168 / 66–7168 / 65–7467 / 65–7567 / 64–7669 / 65–7068 / 64–7268 / 59–7368 / 57–72
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 19 grid cells holding the 19 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1673:5618 (6.325, 100.925). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 16.2 °C, 1st-percentile night 19.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 36.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 19 distinct grid cells holding 19 of the 19 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1673:5618 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 6.50_100.625, lapse-corrected +45 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 173 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeBangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Sumatera, New Guinea · introduced: India, Sri Lanka · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker5.2, 116.733 · in the densest population, 85 records (28% of those in range)
Kew's description“tree” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 309 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 19 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 296 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker in the same place. 8 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 290 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 309 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Saraca declinata, photograph 1did not loadSaraca declinata, photograph 2did not loadSaraca declinata, photograph 3did not loadSaraca declinata, photograph 4did not loadSaraca declinata, photograph 5did not loadSaraca declinata, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Nolan Exe, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); gbohne from Berlin, Germany, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons (3).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Iguanura wallichiana Arecaceae Globba pendula Zingiberaceae Mapania cuspidata Mapania cuspidata Cyperaceae Photo: CC BY, pbsgAdinobotrys atropurpureus Adinobotrys atropurpureus Purple milletia Photo: CC BY, Adam KamalLitsea umbellata Litsea umbellata Lauraceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Hungda Epithema saxatile Gesneriaceae

Other Saraca 5 in the reference

Saraca asoca Saraca asoca Asoka-tree Photo: CC0, author not statedSaraca cauliflora Saraca cauliflora Red saraca Photo: CC BY, Adam KamalSaraca dives Saraca dives Common Saraca / Asoka Photo: CC BY, Shawn O'Donnell Saraca griffithiana Fabaceae Saraca indica Saraca indica Asoka-tree Photo: CC BY, Utain Pummarin

Names & registers

Also known as Jonesia declinata; Jonesia javanica; Jonesia macroptera; Jonesia palembanica; Saraca biglandulosa and 14 more. (GBIF Backbone)

Kew accepts as species of their own Saraca cauliflora: older names in GBIF's record of this species that Kew's World Checklist accepts as other species. (WCVP, RBG Kew, file of 2026-06-04)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Fabaceae
Described by
(Jack) Miq.
Native to
Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos +9
Wild records
309 in range · 296 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 11 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (9 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 2 at a herbarium; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 6.50_100.625, lapse-corrected +45 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rules
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 25 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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