Example ⟳ +
An example collection, so you can see what this page does. Nothing added here is kept: leaving deletes it.
Sideritis candicans; photograph (c) fmunoz, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) fmunoz, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2018-04-24

Sideritis candicans Aiton

Madeiran ironwort

Lamiaceae · Madeira

Add one to my plants
Sow seed
Sideritis candicans, photograph (c) Vítor Jorge, some rights reserved (CC BY)Sideritis candicans, photograph (c) Vítor Jorge, some rights reserved (CC BY)Sideritis candicans, photograph (c) Vítor Jorge, some rights reserved (CC BY)Sideritis candicans, photograph (c) Vítor Jorge, some rights reserved (CC BY)Sideritis candicans, photograph (c) Vítor Jorge, some rights reserved (CC BY)Sideritis candicans, photograph (c) Vítor Jorge, some rights reserved (CC BY) 88 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Coldest month, mean nightly low
11.4°C
Feb at the habitat, not a floor; extremes not used (sea cell) CHELSA
Warmest month, mean daily high
23°C
Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
2,203mm
10 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
17–47DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes October to March, read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Sideritis candicans (erva branca, selvageira). More or less white to greyish, densely tomentose shrub 45–100 cm. Leaves 2.5-12 x 1.5 x 7.5 cm, the lower ovate-lanceolate to ovate, acute to obtuse, rounded to cordate at base, weakly crenate to sub-entire, petiolate. Inflorescence up to 30 cm. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Sideritis candicans", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,692 mm of 2,201 mm) falls in October to March, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 14.6 °C against a yearly mean of 16.2 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: April to September.

Rain

2,201 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,692 mm of it October to March. Wettest month December at 382 mm, driest month July at 16 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,325 mm to 2,626 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 2,203 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 2,201 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 17 to 47 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 14, the highest 90th-percentile month 47).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 11.4 °C in February (across the grid cells of the range 8.4 °C to 14.9 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 22.5 °C in August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: none read. The nearest figure is 11.4 °C, the coldest month's mean nightly low, February, in the median year (CHELSA); a month's mean of its nightly lows is warmer than the nights a floor is read from. The daily extremes were read at a weather cell that is mostly sea and are not used.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 62 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. No cold floor is read without a daily extremes series; the coldest month's mean nightly low named in its sentence is not one. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Sideritis candicans through the yearWarmest month August, mean daily high 23 °C; coldest month February, mean nightly low 11.4 °C; 2,201 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.5°10°15°20°25°°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 17–47RH 62–66%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 20 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C14 / 11–1714 / 11–1615 / 13–1715 / 13–1717 / 15–1920 / 19–2022 / 22–2323 / 22–2321 / 20–2319 / 17–2117 / 14–1915 / 12–18
Night °C12 / 9–1511 / 8–1512 / 9–1512 / 9–1514 / 11–1616 / 15–1818 / 18–1919 / 18–2118 / 16–2117 / 14–2015 / 11–1813 / 10–17
Rain mm258 / 157–306265 / 164–314218 / 134–263183 / 103–223107 / 61–13056 / 36–6816 / 13–2224 / 17–29123 / 78–145260 / 158–306309 / 183–365382 / 215–456
DLI18 / 16–2124 / 21–2732 / 29–3538 / 36–4043 / 42–4345 / 45–4647 / 46–4743 / 41–4435 / 33–3726 / 24–2920 / 17–2317 / 14–20
RH %64 / 59–6663 / 61–6562 / 59–6363 / 60–6563 / 60–6563 / 60–6562 / 55–6463 / 57–6464 / 61–6665 / 61–6764 / 61–6666 / 61–68

The daily extremes were read at a NASA POWER cell that is 12% land: neither it nor the next candidates whose coldest month's mean nightly low is within 2 °C of the median across cells sit in a POWER cell that is mostly land, and the rule reads a cold floor only from a cell that is mostly land, so none is read for this species. Nor is the coldest month's mean nightly low taken as one: it is a mean of a month's lows, not its coldest night. What that cell gave over 44 years: absolute minimum 7.8 °C, 1st-percentile night 11.0 °C, 99th-percentile day 23.2 °C.

How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 20 grid cells holding the 101 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1146:3261 (32.675, -16.925). Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 20 distinct grid cells holding 101 of the 101 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1146:3261 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells, though its NASA POWER cell is only 12% land and none of the 8 next candidates within 2 °C of the median was mostly land); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 32.50_-16.875, lapse-corrected +380 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 508 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeMadeira · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker32.739, -16.936 · in the densest population, 109 records (100% of those in range)
Kew's description“subshrub or shrub” · “subtropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 109 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 101 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 85 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 1 km away. 12 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 8 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 109 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Sideritis candicans, photograph 1did not loadSideritis candicans, photograph 2did not loadSideritis candicans, photograph 3did not loadSideritis candicans, photograph 4did not loadSideritis candicans, photograph 5did not loadSideritis candicans, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Vítor Jorge, some rights reserved (CC BY) (6).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Sibthorpia peregrina Sibthorpia peregrina Madeira Moneywort Photo: CC0, author not statedClethra arborea Clethra arborea Lily-of-the-valley-tree Photo: CC BY, Vítor JorgeConvolvulus massonii Convolvulus massonii Madeira Morning Glory Photo: CC BY, Vítor JorgeHedera maderensis Hedera maderensis Araliaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedErysimum bicolor Erysimum bicolor Brassicaceae Photo: CC BY, Vítor JorgeSonchus fruticosus Sonchus fruticosus Shrubby Sow-thistle Photo: CC BY, Vítor Jorge

Other Sideritis 23 in the reference

Sideritis clandestina Taygetus ironwort Sideritis cretica Sideritis cretica Lamiaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedSideritis cypria Sideritis cypria Cyprus Ironwort Photo: CC BY, Marios ThomaSideritis endressii Sideritis endressii Lamiaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedSideritis euxina Sideritis euxina Lamiaceae Photo: CC BY, Илья РуденкоSideritis ferrensis Sideritis ferrensis Lamiaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Krzysztof Ziarnek, KenraizSideritis glacialis Sideritis glacialis Lamiaceae Photo: CC BY, Santiago Martín-BravoSideritis hirsuta Sideritis hirsuta Hairy Ironwort Photo: CC BY, Lídia CarreraSideritis hyssopifolia Sideritis hyssopifolia Mountain Tea Photo: CC BY, Yves BasSideritis incana Sideritis incana Lamiaceae Photo: CC BY, CenaidaSideritis infernalis Sideritis infernalis Lamiaceae Photo: CC BY, Ben JobsonSideritis lotsyi Sideritis lotsyi Lamiaceae Photo: CC BY, John Lyden all 24 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Leucophae candicans. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Lamiaceae
Described by
Aiton
Native to
Madeira
Wild records
109 in range · 85 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 1 record within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (1 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 32.50_-16.875, lapse-corrected +380 m at 6.5 °C/km; read, and set aside: NASA POWER's cell is mostly sea (12% land), so no cold floor is shown
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 12 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…