Silene chalcedonica, Russia, Novosibirsk Province and District, Lozhok village environs, the Zyryanka Rivulet headwaters, tall valley forest meadow

Silene chalcedonica (L.) E.H.L.Krause

Brennende Liebe (DE), Guoštauts, Jerusalem campion, London pride

Climate known 63 photographs

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Silene chalcedonica, the Maltese-cross or scarlet lychnis, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to Eurasia. Other common names include flower of Bristol, Jerusalem cross and nonesuch.

Text from Wikipedia, “Silene chalcedonica”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Silene

Silene is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Containing between 500 and 900 species, it is the largest genus in the family. Common names include campion and catchfly. More on Wikipedia ›

The opening of Wikipedia, “Silene”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family

Caryophyllaceae

Described by

(L.) E.H.L.Krause

Native to

Central European Russia, East European Russia, South European Russia +9

Wild records

601 in range· 244 open

At a glance

Warmest month

23°C

Jul, mean day; nights 14 °C (CHELSA)

Rain

620mm/yr

12 wet months · peak Jul 78 mm (CHELSA)

Light

3–37DLI

mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)

In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person

Rain rule: a summer growing season, May to November in the northern hemisphere (May to November at the habitat, northern). Habitat rain 620 mm a year, wettest July at 78 mm, driest March at 30 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 3 to 37 mol/m²/day. Cold floor -29.8 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Agrostemma chalcedonica (L.) Döll; Lychnis bicolor Czerw. & L.Schwarz; Lychnis chalcedonica L.; Lychnis fulgida Moench.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, May to November in the northern hemisphere (May to November at the habitat, northern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (438 mm of 620 mm) falls in May to November, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 10.8 °C against a yearly mean of 3.6 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to May.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 620 mm a year, wettest July at 78 mm, driest March at 30 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

620 mm a year at the habitat, 438 mm of it May to November. Wettest month July at 78 mm, driest March at 30 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 467 mm to 731 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 3 to 37 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 3 to 37 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 2, the highest 90th-percentile month 40).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor -29.8 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is -29.8 °C, the absolute minimum -41.7 °C, about 182 frost nights a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 34.5 °C. Monthly means: coldest night -15.1 °C in January (across the envelope cells -19.9 °C to -10.0 °C), warmest day 23.0 °C in July (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: -29.8 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 54 to 72% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 468 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale

Figures by month

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Day °C	-9 / -13–-5	-7 / -11–-5	-1 / -3–1	9 / 6–11	17 / 15–18	21 / 20–23	23 / 22–25	21 / 19–23	15 / 13–17	7 / 5–9	-1 / -5–1	-7 / -11–-4
Night °C	-15 / -20–-10	-15 / -19–-11	-8 / -12–-6	-1 / -4–1	6 / 4–8	12 / 10–13	14 / 13–15	13 / 11–14	7 / 5–9	2 / -2–3	-7 / -11–-4	-13 / -18–-8
Rain mm	40 / 21–49	31 / 16–41	30 / 18–38	35 / 27–46	48 / 39–63	75 / 56–88	78 / 64–102	70 / 51–87	61 / 44–72	57 / 37–70	49 / 32–59	46 / 26–55
DLI	4 / 3–7	10 / 8–13	19 / 16–23	28 / 25–31	34 / 33–37	37 / 34–40	35 / 33–37	27 / 25–31	18 / 15–22	9 / 8–13	5 / 3–7	3 / 2–5
RH %	72 / 65–75	69 / 62–71	63 / 59–65	57 / 55–58	54 / 52–56	57 / 54–59	59 / 57–60	60 / 57–61	60 / 57–63	63 / 59–65	68 / 62–70	71 / 65–73

Each figure is the median across the 468 grid cells holding the 531 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 733:4719 (53.325, 55.975). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -41.7 °C, 1st-percentile night -29.8 °C, 99th-percentile day 34.5 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 468 distinct grid cells holding the 531 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 733:4719 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 53.50_56.250, lapse-corrected -136 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 146 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.

Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

NativeCentral European Russia, East European Russia, South European Russia, Altay, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, West Siberia, Khabarovsk, Kazakhstan, China North-Central, Xinjiang, Mongolia· introduced: Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Bulgaria, Italy, Romania, Baltic States, North European Russia, Buryatiya, Japan, Vietnam, New South Wales, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward I., Québec, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont

Kew's description“perennial” · “temperate”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here

Map marker55.58, 37.548 · in the densest population, 209 records (35% of those in range)

Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 601 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 244 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 20 km away. 1207 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 70 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.

The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 601 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Photographs: (c) Oleg Kosterin, some rights reserved (CC BY) (7); (c) Pavel Smirnov, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Silene chalcedonica, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

The influence of water sorbing geocomposite and pine bark mulching on growth and flowering of some perennial species

K. Wróblewska, R. Dębicz, P. Bąbelewski (2012) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)

Responses to Propagation Substrate and Rooting Hormone Products to Facilitate Asexual Propagation of Silene chalcedonica and Silene coronaria

Jiang Li, Bruce L. Dunn, Yunwen Wang, Carla Goad (2016) · Journal of Environmental Horticulture

New findings of vascular plants from the Republic of Buryatia and Khamar-Daban ridge

Natalia S. Gamova, Yuriy N. Korotkov (2023) · Turczaninowia

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