Sixalix atropurpurea, Coimbra, pr. Penedo da Saudade, Portugal

Sixalix atropurpurea (L.) Greuter & Burdet

Annual Scabious, Sweet Scabiosa, Sweet Scabious, mournful-widow

Climate known 68 photographs

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Scabiosa atropurpurea, the mourningbride, mournful widow, pincushion flower, or sweet scabious, is an ornamental plant of the genus Scabiosa in the family Caprifoliaceae. It is native to southern Europe.

Text from Wikipedia, “Scabiosa atropurpurea”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

Family

Caprifoliaceae

Described by

(L.) Greuter & Burdet

Native to

Baleares, Corse, France +19

Wild records

386 in range· 46 open

At a glance

Warmest month

28°C

Jul, mean day; nights 19 °C (CHELSA)

Rain

652mm/yr

9 wet months · peak Dec 95 mm (CHELSA)

Light

13–48DLI

mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)

In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person

Rain rule: a winter growing season, October to February and April in the northern hemisphere (October to February and April at the habitat, northern). Habitat rain 652 mm a year, wettest December at 95 mm, driest July at 7 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 13 to 48 mol/m²/day. Cold floor -0.9 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Scabiosa arvensis Ucria; Scabiosa arvensis Ucria ex DC.; Scabiosa columbaria Willk. ex Willk. & Lange.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a winter growing season, October to February and April in the northern hemisphere (October to February and April at the habitat, northern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the year's rain (470 mm of 652 mm) falls in October to February and April, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 12.6 °C against a yearly mean of 16.2 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: April to August and October.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 652 mm a year, wettest December at 95 mm, driest July at 7 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

652 mm a year at the habitat, 470 mm of it October to February and April. Wettest month December at 95 mm, driest July at 7 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 536 mm to 836 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 13 to 48 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 13 to 48 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 10, the highest 90th-percentile month 51).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor -0.9 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is -0.9 °C, the absolute minimum -5.2 °C, about 6 frost nights a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 40.1 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 5.5 °C in January (across the envelope cells 2.1 °C to 10.3 °C), warmest day 28.1 °C in July (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: -0.9 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 55 to 62% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 273 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale

Figures by month

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Day °C	13 / 10–15	14 / 11–16	16 / 13–19	18 / 16–20	21 / 19–23	25 / 22–28	28 / 25–32	28 / 25–32	25 / 23–28	21 / 19–23	17 / 14–18	14 / 10–16
Night °C	6 / 2–10	6 / 3–11	8 / 5–12	10 / 7–13	13 / 11–15	16 / 14–19	19 / 17–21	19 / 17–22	17 / 14–20	14 / 11–17	10 / 6–14	7 / 3–12
Rain mm	73 / 46–94	60 / 37–84	49 / 34–61	63 / 47–80	47 / 29–70	19 / 8–41	7 / 2–23	12 / 4–43	48 / 27–89	87 / 68–114	92 / 62–121	95 / 53–151
DLI	15 / 12–17	21 / 18–23	30 / 27–32	37 / 34–40	42 / 39–45	47 / 43–50	48 / 44–51	42 / 37–45	33 / 29–36	23 / 19–26	16 / 13–18	13 / 10–14
RH %	61 / 58–63	60 / 57–62	58 / 55–61	58 / 55–61	58 / 55–62	56 / 52–62	55 / 50–62	56 / 52–62	58 / 54–62	60 / 58–63	61 / 58–63	62 / 59–64

Each figure is the median across the 273 grid cells holding the 375 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1047:3431 (37.625, -8.425). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -5.2 °C, 1st-percentile night -0.9 °C, 99th-percentile day 40.1 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 273 distinct grid cells holding the 375 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1047:3431 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 37.50_-8.125, lapse-corrected +8 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 247 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.

Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

NativeBaleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Azores, Canary Is., Madeira, East Aegean Is., Turkey· introduced: Great Britain, Germany, Tasmania, Oregon, Washington, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, California, Texas, Ecuador, Brazil South, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, Juan Fernández Is., Uruguay

Kew's description“biennial” · “temperate”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here

Map marker42.661, 3.033 · in the densest population, 198 records (51% of those in range)

Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 386 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 46 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 134 km away. 385 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 11 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.

The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 386 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Photographs: (c) zebedeugalinha, some rights reserved (CC BY) (6); (c) Turner Brockman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (2).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Sixalix atropurpurea, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

NOMBRE CHROMOSOMIQUE D'ANGIOSPERMES MAROCAINES

F.E. El Alaoui-Faris, H. Tahiri, Mohammed Ibn Tattou, J.A. Molina (2010) · Lagascalia

Occurrence Download