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Solanum nigrescens; photograph (c) 村山史世　（Fumiyo MURAYAMA), some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) 村山史世　（Fumiyo MURAYAMA), some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-08-17

Solanum nigrescens M.Martens & Galeotti

Divine nightshade

Solanaceae · New Mexico, Texas +33

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Solanum nigrescens, photograph (c) 村山史世　（Fumiyo MURAYAMA), some rights reserved (CC BY)Solanum nigrescens, photograph (c) 村山史世　（Fumiyo MURAYAMA), some rights reserved (CC BY)Solanum nigrescens, photograph (c) Alexis López Hernández, some rights reserved (CC BY)Solanum nigrescens, photograph (c) Alexis López Hernández, some rights reserved (CC BY)Solanum nigrescens, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedSolanum nigrescens, photograph author not stated, no rights reserved 87 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
3.0°C
Record low -1.1 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
24°C
Apr and May at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,199mm
9 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
30–44DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes June to October, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Solanum

Solanum is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance: the potato, the tomato and the eggplant. It is the largest genus in the nightshade family Solanaceae, comprising around 1,500 species. It also contains the so-called horse nettles, as well as numerous plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers and fruit.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Solanum", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (829 mm of 1,051 mm) falls in June to October, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 16.8 °C against a yearly mean of 15.8 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to April.

Rain

1,051 mm in the median year at the habitat, 829 mm of it June to October. Wettest month July at 197 mm, driest month December at 15 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 596 mm to 2,474 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,199 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,051 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 30 to 44 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 23, the highest 90th-percentile month 48).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 3.0 °C, the absolute minimum -1.1 °C, 12 frost nights in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 34.2 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 7.2 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 2.6 °C to 13.8 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 24.0 °C in May (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 3.0 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 53 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -220 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Solanum nigrescens through the yearWarmest months April and May, mean daily high 24 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 7.2 °C; 1,051 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost34.2° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-1.1° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 30–44RH 53–66%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 523 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C19 / 15–2420 / 16–2522 / 17–2724 / 18–2924 / 18–3022 / 17–3021 / 17–2821 / 17–2821 / 17–2720 / 16–2620 / 16–2519 / 15–24
Night °C7 / 3–148 / 3–149 / 5–1511 / 7–1712 / 8–1912 / 9–2012 / 8–2012 / 8–2012 / 8–1910 / 7–179 / 5–158 / 3–14
Rain mm25 / 10–10918 / 10–12117 / 7–16036 / 10–21083 / 26–220167 / 73–338197 / 68–340184 / 69–333178 / 84–354103 / 45–27928 / 11–19815 / 6–153
DLI31 / 25–3436 / 29–3942 / 32–4544 / 30–4843 / 29–4837 / 28–4237 / 30–4136 / 31–4033 / 29–3632 / 28–3531 / 26–3430 / 23–33
RH %55 / 50–6854 / 48–6753 / 46–6754 / 45–6758 / 50–6764 / 58–6965 / 59–7065 / 58–7066 / 60–7163 / 57–7059 / 53–6956 / 51–69
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 523 grid cells holding the 697 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1402:1583 (19.875, -100.825). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -1.1 °C, 1st-percentile night 3.0 °C, 99th-percentile day 34.2 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 523 distinct grid cells holding 697 of the 697 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1402:1583 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 20.00_-100.625, lapse-corrected -220 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 1958 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeNew Mexico, Texas, Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Bahamas, Cayman Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Is. AB Ant, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Is., French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador · introduced: Hawaii · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker19.453, -99.171 · in the densest population, 286 records (21% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial” · “seasonally dry tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1382 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 697 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 1056 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 30 km away. 215 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 685 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 3799687 (Solanum nigrum var. nigrescens (M.Martens & Galeotti) Kuntze): Kew's file holds it as Solanum nigrum var. nigrescens (M.Martens & Galeotti) Kuntze (synonym under Solanum nigrescens M.Martens & Galeotti); 0 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1382 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Solanum nigrescens, photograph 1did not loadSolanum nigrescens, photograph 2did not loadSolanum nigrescens, photograph 3did not loadSolanum nigrescens, photograph 4did not loadSolanum nigrescens, photograph 5did not loadSolanum nigrescens, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) 村山史世　（Fumiyo MURAYAMA), some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Alexis López Hernández, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0 (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Philadelphus mexicanus Philadelphus mexicanus Mexican mock orange Photo: CC BY, Neptalí Ramírez MarcialCuphea cyanea Cuphea cyanea Caribbean-sunset Photo: CC BY, Neptalí Ramírez MarcialGarrya laurifolia Garrya laurifolia Cuachichic Photo: CC BY, Neptalí Ramírez MarcialSolanum appendiculatum Solanum appendiculatum Solanaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedPinguicula moranensis Pinguicula moranensis Lentibulariaceae Photo: CC BY, José Javier Barrios FloresEcheveria nuda Echeveria nuda Crassulaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Raffi Kojian

Other Solanum 163 in the reference

Solanum abutiloides Solanum abutiloides Dwarf Tamarillo Photo: CC BY-SA, Greg TasneySolanum acaule Solanum acaule Solanaceae Photo: CC BY, Staci OréSolanum aculeastrum Solanum aculeastrum Goat Bitter-apple Photo: CC0, author not statedSolanum aculeatissimum Solanum aculeatissimum Dutch eggplant Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony RebeloSolanum aethiopicum Solanum aethiopicum Chinese scarlet eggplant Photo: CC BY, Diogo LuizSolanum africanum Solanum africanum Solanaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony Rebelo Solanum ajanhuiri Solanaceae Solanum albidum Solanum albidum Solanaceae Photo: CC BY, biped_cubSolanum aligerum Solanum aligerum Solanaceae Photo: CC BY, Juan Carlos Fonseca MataSolanum aloysiifolium Solanum aloysiifolium Solanaceae Photo: CC BY, Carla Florencia RodríguezSolanum americanum Solanum americanum American black nightshade Photo: CC BY, Frederick NunleySolanum amygdalifolium Solanum amygdalifolium Solanaceae Photo: CC BY, Holger Braun all 164 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Solanum gracile; Solanum subelineatum. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Solanaceae
Described by
M.Martens & Galeotti
Native to
New Mexico, Texas, Alabama +32
Wild records
1382 in range · 1056 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredasked 2026-10-22GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 0 records of GBIF's key 3799687, Solanum nigrum var. nigrescens (M.Martens & Galeotti) Kuntze (Kew's file holds it as Solanum nigrum var. nigrescens (M.Martens & Galeotti) Kuntze (synonym under Solanum nigrescens M.Martens & Galeotti)): GBIF occurrence search API; 22 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (13 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 5 at a herbarium, 4 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 20.00_-100.625, lapse-corrected -220 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 160 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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