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Spermacoce remota; photograph (c) Richard Littauer, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Richard Littauer, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-08-30

Spermacoce remota Lam.

Woodland false buttonweed; Button weed

Rubiaceae · Texas, Alabama +44

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Spermacoce remota, photograph (c) Laura Davis, some rights reserved (CC BY)Spermacoce remota, photograph (c) Laura Davis, some rights reserved (CC BY)Spermacoce remota, photograph (c) Laura Davis, some rights reserved (CC BY)Spermacoce remota, photograph (c) Matteo Bellucci, some rights reserved (CC BY)Spermacoce remota, photograph (c) Matteo Bellucci, some rights reserved (CC BY)Spermacoce remota, photograph (c) xanderferret, some rights reserved (CC BY) 67 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
10.9°C
Record low 6.5 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
30°C
Jun, Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,427mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
22–41DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes May to October, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Spermacoce remota, the woodland false buttonweed, is a species of plant in the Rubiaceae. It is native to the southeastern United States (Texas, Florida, Georgia, Alabama), West Indies (Bermuda, Bahamas, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, the Cayman Islands, Trinidad, Lesser Antilles, etc.), Mexico, Central America and South America. It is naturalized in Taiwan, Southeast Asia (Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia), China (Guangdong), India, Sri Lanka, New Guinea, Mauritius and many other oceanic islands (including Hawaii and the Galápagos).

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Spermacoce remota", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,046 mm of 1,470 mm) falls in May to October, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 26.0 °C against a yearly mean of 23.0 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to April.

Rain

1,470 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,046 mm of it May to October. Wettest month August at 207 mm, driest month January at 64 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,230 mm to 2,685 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,427 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,470 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 22 to 41 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 19, the highest 90th-percentile month 43).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 10.9 °C, the absolute minimum 6.5 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 38.4 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 14.4 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 9.9 °C to 22.5 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 30.1 °C in August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 10.9 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 59 to 64% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -363 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Spermacoce remota through the yearWarmest months June, July and August, mean daily high 30 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 14.4 °C; 1,470 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.0°10°20°30°40°38.4° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER6.5° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 22–41RH 59–64%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 511 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C23 / 19–2724 / 20–2825 / 22–2927 / 23–3029 / 24–3130 / 23–3230 / 22–3230 / 22–3229 / 22–3128 / 22–2925 / 21–2823 / 20–27
Night °C14 / 10–2315 / 11–2316 / 12–2318 / 14–2421 / 15–2523 / 15–2524 / 14–2624 / 14–2623 / 14–2521 / 14–2418 / 13–2416 / 11–23
Rain mm64 / 31–12769 / 22–11889 / 22–14068 / 37–193102 / 61–280204 / 113–312197 / 110–316207 / 122–316200 / 136–350136 / 69–31568 / 45–26266 / 31–169
DLI24 / 21–3329 / 25–3734 / 32–4140 / 35–4341 / 31–4338 / 30–4238 / 32–4236 / 32–4132 / 30–3829 / 26–3425 / 22–3222 / 19–31
RH %59 / 58–6859 / 58–6659 / 57–6659 / 56–6761 / 57–6963 / 61–6963 / 62–6964 / 62–6964 / 63–7062 / 60–7060 / 58–7059 / 58–68
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 511 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (640 records in those cells; 10 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1408:1521 (19.575, -103.925). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 6.5 °C, 1st-percentile night 10.9 °C, 99th-percentile day 38.4 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 511 distinct grid cells holding 640 of the 650 in-range records (10 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1408:1521 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 19.50_-103.750, lapse-corrected -363 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 816 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeTexas, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast, Belize, Costa Rica, C. American Pacific Is., El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Bahamas, Bermuda, Cayman Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Is. AB Ant, Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Is., French Guiana, Guyana, Surinam, Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil North, Brazil South, Argentina Northwest, Paraguay, Uruguay · introduced: Tanzania, Chagos Archipelago, Mauritius, China South-Central, China Southeast, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan, Assam, India, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Andaman Is., Nicobar Is., South China Sea, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Cocos (Keeling) I., Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Christmas I., New Guinea, Northern Territory, Queensland, Fiji, Gilbert Is., Nauru, New Caledonia, Samoa, Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Wallis-Futuna Is., Cook Is., Line Is., Society Is., Tubuai Is., Caroline Is., Marianas, Hawaii, Galápagos · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker27.336, -82.431 · in the densest population, 286 records (27% of those in range)
Kew's description“annual or subshrub” · “seasonally dry tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1064 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 640 of them in the land cells it reads, of 650 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 548 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 2001 km away. 705 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 414 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1064 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Spermacoce remota, photograph 1did not loadSpermacoce remota, photograph 2did not loadSpermacoce remota, photograph 3did not loadSpermacoce remota, photograph 4did not loadSpermacoce remota, photograph 5did not loadSpermacoce remota, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Laura Davis, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); (c) Matteo Bellucci, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) xanderferret, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Emilia fosbergii Emilia fosbergii Florida tasselflower Photo: CC BY, xanderferretVittaria lineata Vittaria lineata Shoestring fern Photo: CC BY, geosesarmaScoparia dulcis Scoparia dulcis Sweet broom Photo: CC0, author not statedCyperus surinamensis Cyperus surinamensis Tropical flat sedge Photo: CC BY, Alan WuMyrcianthes fragrans Myrcianthes fragrans Myrtaceae Photo: CC BY, Michelle SevcovasVigna luteola Vigna luteola Hairypod cowpea Photo: CC0, author not stated

Other Spermacoce 6 in the reference

Spermacoce dasycephala Spermacoce dasycephala False buttonweed Photo: CC BY, Jhonatan MatheusSpermacoce exilis Spermacoce exilis Pacific false buttonweed Photo: CC0, author not statedSpermacoce latifolia Spermacoce latifolia Oval-leaf false buttonweed Photo: CC BY, chiuluanSpermacoce neoterminalis Spermacoce neoterminalis Rubiaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedSpermacoce tenuior Spermacoce tenuior River False Buttonweed Photo: CC BY, Liliana Ramírez-FreireSpermacoce verticillata Spermacoce verticillata Shrubby false buttonweed Photo: CC BY, xanderferret

Names & registers

Also known as Bigelovia vaginata; Borreria assurgens; Borreria linifolia; Borreria malacophylla; Borreria remota and 20 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Rubiaceae
Described by
Lam.
Native to
Texas, Alabama, Florida +43
Wild records
1064 in range · 548 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 45 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (37 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a herbarium, 7 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 19.50_-103.750, lapse-corrected -363 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 115 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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