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Thelypteris parishii (Bedd.) Panigrahi

Aspleniaceae · Taiwan, Assam +6 · listed by its family as a fern or moss

English names not checked: Wikidata's common names were not read for this page.

Photographs not checked iNaturalist and GBIF media were skipped (not asked) when this page was built. Not asked, or not answered, is not "none": nothing here claims there is none. Why the site says it this way.
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Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
6.7°C
Record low 0.7 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
29°C
Jul at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
3,856mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
15–37DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes May to November, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Cultivation

Grouped as a fern or moss, listed under the family Aspleniaceae in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “perennial or rhizomatous geophyte”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (2,748 mm of 3,850 mm) falls in May to November, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 24.9 °C against a yearly mean of 22.0 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to May.

Rain

3,850 mm in the median year at the habitat, 2,748 mm of it May to November. Wettest month September at 501 mm, driest month January at 194 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 2,767 mm to 4,167 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 3,856 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 3,850 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 15 to 37 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 14, the highest 90th-percentile month 39).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 6.7 °C, the absolute minimum 0.7 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 35.9 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 13.2 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 11.4 °C to 16.9 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 28.5 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 6.7 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 64 to 70% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -39 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the family Aspleniaceae in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “perennial or rhizomatous geophyte”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Thelypteris parishii through the yearWarmest month July, mean daily high 29 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 13.2 °C; 3,850 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost35.9° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER0.7° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0200400600800mm rainDLI 15–37RH 64–70%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 11 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C17 / 16–2218 / 17–2220 / 19–2424 / 22–2526 / 25–2727 / 27–2929 / 27–3028 / 27–3027 / 26–2825 / 23–2622 / 21–2519 / 17–23
Night °C13 / 11–1714 / 12–1816 / 14–1919 / 17–2222 / 20–2324 / 22–2525 / 22–2725 / 22–2724 / 21–2522 / 19–2319 / 16–2115 / 13–18
Rain mm194 / 31–292250 / 42–329223 / 49–277219 / 73–240324 / 220–434427 / 328–593351 / 206–599418 / 300–606501 / 410–607400 / 142–500327 / 47–377216 / 35–262
DLI16 / 14–2418 / 16–2724 / 22–3329 / 28–3731 / 30–3633 / 31–3437 / 35–3935 / 31–3630 / 28–3324 / 22–3018 / 16–2615 / 14–22
RH %64 / 61–6865 / 62–6965 / 64–6968 / 65–7068 / 66–7070 / 67–7369 / 65–7270 / 67–7268 / 67–7167 / 64–6865 / 63–6864 / 60–67
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 11 grid cells holding the 13 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1433:5685 (18.325, 104.275). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 0.7 °C, 1st-percentile night 6.7 °C, 99th-percentile day 35.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 11 distinct grid cells holding 13 of the 13 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1433:5685 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 18.50_104.375, lapse-corrected -39 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 573 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

This species has no GBIF key of its own. Its records are GBIF's under the keys of the names Kew's World Checklist holds as this plant: 8378147 (Drynaria parishii (Bedd.) C.Chr. & Tardieu, 28 records), 11751886 (Grypothrix parishii (Bedd.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., 112 records). No name was matched to GBIF; the keys are read from Kew's synonymy. How.

NativeTaiwan, Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaya · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker22.205, 120.929 · in the densest population, 28 records (51% of those in range)
Doubtfully present inNicobar Is. · recorded by WCVP as doubtfully present: not part of the range records are tested against
Kew's description“perennial or rhizomatous geophyte” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 55 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 13 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 35 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 2399 km away. 40 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 42 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 8378147 (Drynaria parishii (Bedd.) C.Chr. & Tardieu): Kew's file holds it as Drynaria parishii (Bedd.) C.Chr. & Tardieu (synonym under Thelypteris parishii (Bedd.) Panigrahi); 28 records, from GBIF's download.Records also from GBIF's key 11751886 (Grypothrix parishii (Bedd.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.): Kew's file holds it as Grypothrix parishii (Bedd.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm. (synonym under Thelypteris parishii (Bedd.) Panigrahi); 112 records, from GBIF's download.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 55 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Not checked. iNaturalist and GBIF media were skipped (not asked) when this page was built. Not a statement that none exist.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Leptochilus pteropus Leptochilus pteropus Java fern Photo: CC BY, chiuluanAsplenium setoi Asplenium setoi Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY, 黃美滿Thelypteris triphylla Thelypteris triphylla Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, KeisotyoPersicaria dichotoma Persicaria dichotoma Polygonaceae Photo: CC BY, 如此甚好Melicope semecarpifolia Melicope semecarpifolia Rutaceae Photo: CC BY, 黃美滿Alpinia tonrokuensis Alpinia tonrokuensis Zingiberaceae Photo: CC0, Daderot

Other Thelypteris 36 in the reference

Thelypteris acuminata Thelypteris acuminata Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Keisotyo Thelypteris beddomei Aspleniaceae Thelypteris bergiana Aspleniaceae Thelypteris confluens Thelypteris confluens Marsh Fern Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony Rebelo Thelypteris decora Aspleniaceae Thelypteris dentata Thelypteris dentata Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY, Forest & Kim Starr Thelypteris esquirolii Aspleniaceae Thelypteris ferox Aspleniaceae Thelypteris fuertesii Aspleniaceae Thelypteris gymnopteridifrons Aspleniaceae Thelypteris interrupta Thelypteris interrupta Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Krzysztof Ziarnek, KenraizThelypteris kunthii Thelypteris kunthii Aspleniaceae Photo: CC0, Mx. Granger all 37 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Pronephrium parishii; Meniscium triphyllum var. parishii; Cyclosorus parishii; Meniscium parishii; Cyclosorus triphyllus var. parishii and 4 more. (WCVP, RBG Kew)

Kew accepts as species of their own Drynaria parishii: older names in GBIF's record of this species that Kew's World Checklist accepts as other species. (WCVP, RBG Kew, file of 2026-06-04)

IPNIPOWOWikidataWFO

The record

Family
Aspleniaceae
Described by
(Bedd.) Panigrahi
Native to
Taiwan, Assam, Bangladesh +5
Wild records
55 in range · 35 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
Kew's names (WCVP) kew.names answeredas of 2026-06-04Kew's entry Thelypteris parishii (Bedd.) Panigrahi (plant_name_id 3172109), read from Kew's names file
GBIF species record gbif.species not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21this species has no GBIF key of its own; its records are read under GBIF's keys for the names Kew's file holds as this plant, never by a name matched; GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 28 records of GBIF's key 8378147, Drynaria parishii (Bedd.) C.Chr. & Tardieu (Kew's file holds it as Drynaria parishii (Bedd.) C.Chr. & Tardieu (synonym under Thelypteris parishii (Bedd.) Panigrahi)): the GBIF download; 112 records of GBIF's key 11751886, Grypothrix parishii (Bedd.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm. (Kew's file holds it as Grypothrix parishii (Bedd.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm. (synonym under Thelypteris parishii (Bedd.) Panigrahi)): the GBIF download
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 18.50_104.375, lapse-corrected -39 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22found by Kew's IPNI identifier 17460520-1, POWO 17460520-1
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist taxon inat.taxon not asked
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
Wikimedia Commons commons nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 17 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

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