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Tillandsia fendleri; photograph (c) Zac Peterson, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Zac Peterson, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2024-01-24

Tillandsia fendleri Griseb.

Bromeliaceae · Cuba, Dominican Republic +10 · listed by its genus as an epiphyte

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Tillandsia fendleri, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedTillandsia fendleri, photograph (c) Zac Peterson, some rights reserved (CC BY)Tillandsia fendleri, photograph (c) Zac Peterson, some rights reserved (CC BY)Tillandsia fendleri, photograph (c) Zac Peterson, some rights reserved (CC BY)Tillandsia fendleri, photograph (c) Zac Peterson, some rights reserved (CC BY)Tillandsia fendleri, photograph (c) Zac Peterson, some rights reserved (CC BY) 63 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
10.7°C
Record low 8.4 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
21°C
Feb, Mar, Aug and Sep at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
2,597mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
28–34DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Tillandsia fendleri is a species of flowering plant in the family Bromeliaceae. It is epiphytic. This species is native to the West Indies (Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Trinidad) and South America (Bolivia, Guyana, Colombia, Peru, northern Brazil, Venezuela and Ecuador).

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Tillandsia fendleri", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Tillandsia

Tillandsia is a genus of around 650 species of evergreen, perennial flowering plants in the family Bromeliaceae, native to the forests, mountains and deserts of the Neotropics, from northern Mexico and the southeastern United States to Mesoamerica and the Caribbean to central Argentina. Their leaves, more or less silvery in color, are covered with specialized cells (trichomes) capable of rapidly absorbing water that gathers on them.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Tillandsia", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Grouped as an epiphyte, listed under the genus Tillandsia in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “epiphyte or lithophyte”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,857 mm of 2,430 mm) takes 8 months, March to June and September to December. Mean temperature moves 0.6 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

2,430 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,857 mm of it March to June and September to December. Wettest month October at 288 mm, driest month January at 129 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,320 mm to 3,595 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 2,597 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 2,430 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 28 to 34 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 23, the highest 90th-percentile month 39).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 10.7 °C, the absolute minimum 8.4 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 24.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 12.2 °C in July and August (across the grid cells of the range 7.9 °C to 17.1 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 20.9 °C in August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 10.7 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 64 to 70% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -16 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the genus Tillandsia in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “epiphyte or lithophyte”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Tillandsia fendleri through the yearWarmest months February, March, August and September, mean daily high 21 °C; coldest months July and August, mean nightly low 12.2 °C; 2,430 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.5°10°15°20°25°30°24.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER8.4° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 28–34RH 64–70%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 221 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C20 / 16–2521 / 17–2621 / 17–2520 / 17–2520 / 16–2520 / 16–2420 / 16–2521 / 17–2521 / 17–2520 / 17–2520 / 16–2520 / 16–25
Night °C13 / 8–1713 / 9–1813 / 9–1813 / 9–1813 / 9–1813 / 9–1812 / 8–1712 / 8–1713 / 8–1713 / 9–1813 / 9–1813 / 9–17
Rain mm129 / 50–262155 / 93–256204 / 132–313275 / 119–398286 / 88–461184 / 52–384145 / 35–364144 / 38–345202 / 55–357288 / 110–403248 / 116–367170 / 88–275
DLI31 / 27–3432 / 28–3532 / 27–3530 / 24–3329 / 23–3328 / 23–3530 / 25–3733 / 28–3934 / 28–3831 / 26–3629 / 24–3430 / 25–33
RH %68 / 62–7368 / 62–7368 / 63–7370 / 65–7369 / 65–7367 / 62–7365 / 60–7264 / 59–7167 / 61–7269 / 63–7370 / 65–7469 / 64–73

Records on both sides of the equator: the 13 cells at least 10° north of it have seasons six months apart and are left out, not combined into a year no place has. These figures are across the 221 cells that remain: the 25 at least 10° south and the 196 within 10° of the equator, which stay in either way.

How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 221 grid cells holding the 405 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1672:2089 (6.375, -75.525). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 8.4 °C, 1st-percentile night 10.7 °C, 99th-percentile day 24.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 221 distinct grid cells holding 405 of the 422 in-range records on the southern side of the equator (13 cells poleward of 10° north, 25 poleward of 10° south: the two sides' seasons are not combined, and cells within 10° of the equator stay in); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1672:2089 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 6.50_-75.625, lapse-corrected -16 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 2058 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeCuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Trinidad-Tobago, Guyana, Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil North · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker5.179, -75.435 · in the densest population, 285 records (42% of those in range)
Kew's description“epiphyte or lithophyte” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 686 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 405 of them in the land cells it reads, of 422 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 365 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 34 km away. 1 record outside the WCVP native range not used. 264 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 686 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Tillandsia fendleri, photograph 1did not loadTillandsia fendleri, photograph 2did not loadTillandsia fendleri, photograph 3did not loadTillandsia fendleri, photograph 4did not loadTillandsia fendleri, photograph 5did not loadTillandsia fendleri, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0; (c) Zac Peterson, some rights reserved (CC BY) (5).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Miconia notabilis Miconia notabilis Melastomataceae Photo: CC BY, Luis G RestrepoKohleria warszewiczii Kohleria warszewiczii Gesneriaceae Photo: CC BY, Samuel Peláez VélezProsthechea grammatoglossa Prosthechea grammatoglossa Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY, Daniel MesaProsthechea sima Prosthechea sima Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY, Martin KalfatovicGeonoma undata Geonoma undata Undulate Shadowpalm Photo: CC0, author not statedAniba robusta Aniba robusta Lauraceae Photo: CC BY, Nicolás Baresch Uribe

Other Tillandsia 199 in the reference

Tillandsia abdita Bromeliaceae Tillandsia achyrostachys Tillandsia achyrostachys Bromeliaceae Photo: CC BY, Arturo Castro CastroTillandsia aeranthos Tillandsia aeranthos Bromeliaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedTillandsia aizoides Tillandsia aizoides Bromeliaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedTillandsia albertiana Tillandsia albertiana Bromeliaceae Photo: Public domain, Dave PapeTillandsia albida Tillandsia albida Bromeliaceae Photo: CC BY, José Belem Hernández DíazTillandsia andicola Tillandsia andicola Bromeliaceae Photo: CC BY, Benjamin BenderTillandsia andreana Tillandsia andreana Bromeliaceae Photo: CC BY, Laurimar SepulvedaTillandsia araujei Tillandsia araujei Bromeliaceae Photo: CC BY, fmunozTillandsia arequitae Tillandsia arequitae Bromeliaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedTillandsia argentea Tillandsia argentea Bromeliaceae Photo: CC BY, J. L. Gómez-HechavarríaTillandsia argentina Tillandsia argentina Bromeliaceae Photo: CC0, author not stated all 200 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Tillandsia paniculata var. fendleri; Tillandsia rubra var. fendleri. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Bromeliaceae
Described by
Griseb.
Native to
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti +9
Wild records
686 in range · 365 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 89 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (87 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 2 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 6.50_-75.625, lapse-corrected -16 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22IPNI and POWO linked by Kew's number for Tillandsia fendleri Griseb. (the item's: IPNI 125133-1, POWO 125131-1)
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 66 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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