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Trichogalium boreale (L.) Fourr.

Rubiaceae · Denmark, Finland +98

English names not checked: Wikidata's common names were not read for this page.

Photographs not checked iNaturalist and GBIF media were skipped (not asked) when this page was built. Not asked, or not answered, is not "none": nothing here claims there is none. Why the site says it this way.
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Sow seed
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-14.5°C
Record low -27.8 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
21°C
Jul at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
682mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
2–36DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (540 mm of 703 mm) takes 8 months, May to December. Mean temperature moves 20.9 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to June.

Rain

703 mm in the median year at the habitat, 540 mm of it May to December. Wettest month July at 85 mm, driest month February at 37 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 457 mm to 1,160 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 682 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 703 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 2 to 36 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 1, the highest 90th-percentile month 41).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -14.5 °C, the absolute minimum -27.8 °C, 4,334 frost nights in 44 years, 98.5 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 31.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -7.3 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -15.6 °C to -2.6 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 21.4 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -14.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 57 to 68% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -591 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Trichogalium boreale through the yearWarmest month July, mean daily high 21 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low -7.3 °C; 703 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost31.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-27.8° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0255075100125mm rainDLI 2–36RH 57–68%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 590 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C-1 / -8–20 / -6–34 / 0–79 / 6–1316 / 12–1919 / 16–2321 / 19–2620 / 18–2515 / 13–2010 / 7–144 / -1–7-1 / -7–3
Night °C-7 / -16–-3-7 / -14–-2-4 / -9–01 / -2–36 / 3–910 / 8–1313 / 10–1613 / 10–169 / 6–124 / 0–7-1 / -8–2-6 / -14–-1
Rain mm45 / 19–8937 / 13–7140 / 19–8341 / 27–7758 / 39–9577 / 57–11385 / 61–11378 / 54–12165 / 42–11064 / 24–12160 / 18–11253 / 16–99
DLI3 / 2–108 / 6–1716 / 14–2527 / 24–3434 / 33–3936 / 34–4134 / 32–4127 / 25–3518 / 16–279 / 7–184 / 3–112 / 1–8
RH %68 / 62–7266 / 60–6962 / 57–6459 / 53–6157 / 53–6058 / 55–6159 / 56–6161 / 56–6362 / 56–6565 / 57–6867 / 60–7168 / 61–72
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 590 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (740 records in those cells; 2 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 845:3862 (47.725, 13.125). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -27.8 °C, 1st-percentile night -14.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 31.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 590 distinct grid cells holding 740 of the 742 in-range records (2 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 845:3862 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 47.50_13.125, lapse-corrected -591 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 642 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

This species has no GBIF key of its own. Its records are GBIF's under the key of the name Kew's World Checklist holds as this plant: 2914338 (Galium boreale L., 900 records). No name was matched to GBIF; the keys are read from Kew's synonymy. How.

NativeDenmark, Finland, Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland, France, Spain, Albania, Bulgaria, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia, Belarus, Baltic States, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine, Altay, West Siberia, Yakutskiya, Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Primorye, Transcaucasus, Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, China South-Central, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, Tibet, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Pakistan, West Himalaya, Alaska, Greenland, Yukon, Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Québec, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode I., Vermont, West Virginia, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Texas, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Tennessee, Virginia · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker59.7, 10.623 · in the densest population, 208 records (27% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial or subshrub” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 761 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 740 of them in the land cells it reads, of 742 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 472 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker in the same place. 13 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 19 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 2914338 (Galium boreale L.): Kew's file holds it as Galium boreale L. (synonym under Trichogalium boreale (L.) Fourr.); 900 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 761 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Not checked. iNaturalist and GBIF media were skipped (not asked) when this page was built. Not a statement that none exist.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Viola mirabilis Viola mirabilis Wonder violet Photo: CC BY, Мирослав СоболевRibes nigrum Ribes nigrum Black currant Photo: CC BY, Полина ПолежанкинаGeranium sylvaticum Geranium sylvaticum Wood crane's-bill Photo: CC BY, Дарья ДрущенкоRumex aquaticus Rumex aquaticus Scottish dock Photo: CC BY, Евгений МаринкинViola rupestris Viola rupestris Teesdale violet Photo: CC0, author not statedCalamagrostis arundinacea Calamagrostis arundinacea Purple reedgrass Photo: CC BY, Сергей Голубев

Other Trichogalium 1 in the reference

Trichogalium rotundifolium Rubiaceae

Names & registers

Also known as Aparine borealis; Galium boreale f. genuinum; Galium boreale var. genuinum; Galium boreale var. glabrum; Galium boreale var. hispidulum and 54 more. (WCVP, RBG Kew)

Under another author Galium rubioides Willd. ex Ledeb. is an older name of this species, not Galium rubioides, a species of the reference. (GBIF Backbone)

IPNIPOWO

The record

Family
Rubiaceae
Described by
(L.) Fourr.
Native to
Denmark, Finland, Great Britain +97
Wild records
761 in range · 472 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
Kew's names (WCVP) kew.names answeredas of 2026-06-04Kew's entry Trichogalium boreale (L.) Fourr. (plant_name_id 208128), read from Kew's names file
GBIF species record gbif.species not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredasked 2026-10-22this species has no GBIF key of its own; its records are read under GBIF's keys for the names Kew's file holds as this plant, never by a name matched; 900 records of GBIF's key 2914338, Galium boreale L. (Kew's file holds it as Galium boreale L. (synonym under Trichogalium boreale (L.) Fourr.)): GBIF occurrence search API; 8 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (5 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 3 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 47.50_13.125, lapse-corrected -591 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22no item carries Kew's IPNI identifier 768148-1, POWO 768148-1
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist taxon inat.taxon not asked
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
Wikimedia Commons commons nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 10 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…