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Vachellia eburnea; photograph (c) Paulmathi Vinod, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Paulmathi Vinod, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2022-02-17

Vachellia eburnea (L.f.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.

Fabaceae · Afghanistan, Iran +7

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Vachellia eburnea, photograph (c) Aravinth, some rights reserved (CC BY)Vachellia eburnea, photograph (c) Aravinth, some rights reserved (CC BY)Vachellia eburnea, photograph (c) Aravinth, some rights reserved (CC BY)Vachellia eburnea, photograph Mustapha 42, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 5 photographs ›
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Coldest month, mean nightly low
21.4°C
Jan at the habitat, not a floor; extremes not used (sea cell) CHELSA
Warmest month, mean daily high
36°C
May at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
859mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
30–43DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
A rainy season, April to May and September to December, neither the cool nor the warm half of the year. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 9 records in 9 grid cells. The records.

About the genus · Vachellia

Vachellia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, commonly known as thorn trees or acacias. It belongs to the subfamily Mimosoideae. Its species were considered members of genus Acacia until 2009. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Vachellia", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a rainy season with no name: 70% of the median year's rain (590 mm of 802 mm) falls in April to May and September to December, whose mean temperature, 28.1 °C, is within half a degree of the year's, 27.8 °C, so it is neither the cooler nor the warmer part of the year. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: March to June and October to November.

Rain

802 mm in the median year at the habitat, 590 mm of it April to May and September to December. Wettest month November at 209 mm, driest month February at 28 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 739 mm to 1,081 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 859 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 802 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 30 to 43 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 23, the highest 90th-percentile month 47).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 21.4 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 14.2 °C to 24.1 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 36.2 °C in May (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: none read. The nearest figure is 21.4 °C, the coldest month's mean nightly low, January, in the median year (CHELSA); a month's mean of its nightly lows is warmer than the nights a floor is read from. The daily extremes were read at a weather cell that is mostly sea and are not used.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 55 to 63% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. No cold floor is read without a daily extremes series; the coldest month's mean nightly low named in its sentence is not one. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 9 records in 9 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Vachellia eburnea through the yearWarmest month May, mean daily high 36 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 21.4 °C; 802 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.10°15°20°25°30°35°40°45°°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200250300mm rainDLI 30–43RH 55–63%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 9 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C28 / 27–3030 / 28–3234 / 30–3535 / 30–3936 / 30–4133 / 30–3631 / 28–3431 / 27–3431 / 29–3430 / 30–3329 / 28–3028 / 27–29
Night °C21 / 14–2422 / 16–2424 / 19–2526 / 23–2626 / 24–2826 / 23–2726 / 22–2725 / 21–2625 / 21–2624 / 20–2523 / 17–2522 / 15–24
Rain mm31 / 2–10928 / 1–5436 / 3–6651 / 4–10544 / 11–6243 / 14–14632 / 17–25642 / 16–21466 / 42–169128 / 48–177209 / 17–24892 / 6–181
DLI33 / 32–3539 / 37–4043 / 41–4342 / 39–4741 / 38–4736 / 33–3935 / 25–3737 / 23–3938 / 30–3934 / 34–3631 / 29–3230 / 29–31
RH %59 / 47–6158 / 44–6157 / 41–6157 / 39–6455 / 45–6459 / 54–6261 / 55–6662 / 55–6662 / 55–6460 / 52–6363 / 49–6561 / 48–63

The daily extremes were read at a NASA POWER cell that is 48% land: neither it nor the next candidates whose coldest month's mean nightly low is within 2 °C of the median across cells sit in a POWER cell that is mostly land, and the rule reads a cold floor only from a cell that is mostly land, so none is read for this species. Nor is the coldest month's mean nightly low taken as one: it is a mean of a month's lows, not its coldest night. What that cell gave over 44 years: absolute minimum 19.2 °C, 1st-percentile night 21.6 °C, 99th-percentile day 34.9 °C.

How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 9 grid cells holding the 9 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1625:5157 (8.725, 77.875). Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 9 distinct grid cells holding 9 of the 9 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1625:5157 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells, though its NASA POWER cell is only 48% land and none of the 1 next candidates within 2 °C of the median was mostly land); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 8.50_78.125, lapse-corrected +46 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 57 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeAfghanistan, Iran, Oman, East Himalaya, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya, Myanmar · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker10.803, 78.711 · in the densest population, 9 records (60% of those in range)
Kew's description“shrub or tree” · “seasonally dry tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 15 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 9 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 3 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 97 km away. 2 records outside the WCVP native range not used. Under a dozen records behind the climate. 6 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 15 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Vachellia eburnea, photograph 1did not loadVachellia eburnea, photograph 2did not loadVachellia eburnea, photograph 3did not loadVachellia eburnea, photograph 4did not load

Photographs: (c) Aravinth, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); Mustapha 42, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Drypetes sepiaria Drypetes sepiaria Putranjivaceae Photo: CC BY, Rohit NaniwadekarCapparis brevispina Capparis brevispina Capparaceae Photo: CC BY, Paulmathi VinodPterospermum suberifolium Pterospermum suberifolium Malvaceae Photo: CC BY, Rama Narayanan Coffea wightiana Rubiaceae Benkara malabarica Benkara malabarica Rubiaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedPamburus missionis Pamburus missionis Rutaceae Photo: CC BY, madhavan a.p

Other Vachellia 38 in the reference

Vachellia abyssinica Vachellia abyssinica Nyanga flat-top Photo: CC BY, Edmundas GreimasVachellia albicorticata Vachellia albicorticata Fabaceae Photo: CC BY, Silvia TenVachellia aroma Vachellia aroma Fabaceae Photo: CC BY, Rocío Esmeralda PoseVachellia astringens Vachellia astringens Fabaceae Photo: CC BY, RAPVachellia bravoensis Vachellia bravoensis Huisachillo Photo: CC BY, Clifton Ladd, C.W.B.Vachellia campeachiana Vachellia campeachiana Boat-spine Acacia Photo: CC0, Sinaloa SilvestreVachellia caven Vachellia caven Roman cassie Photo: CC BY, Karim HaddadVachellia choriophylla Vachellia choriophylla Cinnecord Photo: CC BY, Tom FieldVachellia collinsii Vachellia collinsii Bull horn acacia Photo: CC BY, Eamon CorbettVachellia constricta Vachellia constricta Whitethorn acacia Photo: CC BY, CK2AZVachellia cornigera Vachellia cornigera Bullhorn wattle Photo: CC BY, Carlos Domínguez-RodríguezVachellia cucuyo Vachellia cucuyo Fabaceae Photo: CC0, Yolanda M. Leon all 39 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Acacia eburnea; Acacia roxburghii; Eburnax spinalba; Mimosa chionacantha; Mimosa eburnea and 1 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Fabaceae
Described by
(L.f.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.
Native to
Afghanistan, Iran, Oman +6
Wild records
15 in range · 3 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 8.50_78.125, lapse-corrected +46 m at 6.5 °C/km; read, and set aside: NASA POWER's cell is mostly sea (48% land), so no cold floor is shown
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rules
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 6 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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