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Valeriana pilosa; photograph (c) Sebastián Ordóñez, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Sebastián Ordóñez, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-02-28

Valeriana pilosa Ruiz & Pav.

Caprifoliaceae · Venezuela, Colombia +2

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Valeriana pilosa, photograph (c) Emma Oxford, some rights reserved (CC BY)Valeriana pilosa, photograph (c) Sebastián Ordóñez, some rights reserved (CC BY)Valeriana pilosa, photograph (c) Sebastián Ordóñez, some rights reserved (CC BY)Valeriana pilosa, photograph (c) Sebastián Ordóñez, some rights reserved (CC BY)Valeriana pilosa, photograph (c) Sebastián Ordóñez, some rights reserved (CC BY)Valeriana pilosa, photograph (c) Sebastián Ordóñez, some rights reserved (CC BY) 57 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
1.2°C
Record low -1.7 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
13°C
Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov and Dec at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
2,113mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
26–32DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Valeriana

Valeriana is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae, members of which may be commonly known as valerians. It contains many species, including the garden valerian, Valeriana officinalis. Valeriana has centers of diversity in Eurasia and South America, and is represented by native species on all continents except Antarctica.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Valeriana", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,587 mm of 2,066 mm) takes 8 months, February to May and September to December. Mean temperature moves 1.2 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

2,066 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,587 mm of it February to May and September to December. Wettest month April at 259 mm, driest month August at 103 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,330 mm to 3,612 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 2,113 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 2,066 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 26 to 32 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 23, the highest 90th-percentile month 36).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 1.2 °C, the absolute minimum -1.7 °C, 14 frost nights in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 15.6 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 4.2 °C in July and August (across the grid cells of the range 0.7 °C to 7.4 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 13.1 °C in March and September (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 1.2 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 65 to 69% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +803 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Valeriana pilosa through the yearWarmest months January, February, March, April, May, August, September, October, November and December, mean daily high 13 °C; coldest months July and August, mean nightly low 4.2 °C; 2,066 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.-5°0°5°10°15°20°frost15.6° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-1.7° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 26–32RH 65–69%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 165 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C13 / 9–1713 / 10–1713 / 10–1713 / 10–1613 / 9–1612 / 9–1612 / 8–1613 / 9–1613 / 9–1713 / 10–1713 / 10–1613 / 9–16
Night °C5 / 2–85 / 2–85 / 2–86 / 3–95 / 2–95 / 2–84 / 1–74 / 1–74 / 1–85 / 2–85 / 2–85 / 2–8
Rain mm131 / 47–224153 / 69–258216 / 110–324259 / 160–400219 / 133–416134 / 79–326111 / 59–295103 / 53–263143 / 74–291217 / 127–353216 / 130–338164 / 72–266
DLI31 / 28–3431 / 28–3429 / 27–3327 / 24–3026 / 23–3026 / 23–3127 / 25–3231 / 28–3532 / 29–3630 / 27–3429 / 26–3230 / 27–32
RH %67 / 62–7167 / 63–7268 / 64–7269 / 66–7369 / 65–7369 / 63–7468 / 62–7366 / 60–7165 / 61–6967 / 63–7068 / 65–7067 / 64–71
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 165 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (341 records in those cells; 1 more cell holds records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cell is left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1782:2051 (0.875, -77.425). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -1.7 °C, 1st-percentile night 1.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 15.6 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 165 distinct grid cells holding 341 of the 342 in-range records (1 further cell with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1782:2051 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 1.00_-77.500, lapse-corrected +803 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 3356 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeVenezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-0.323, -78.202 · in the densest population, 297 records (51% of those in range)
Kew's description“montane tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 578 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 341 of them in the land cells it reads, of 342 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 376 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 700 km away. 236 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 578 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Valeriana pilosa, photograph 1did not loadValeriana pilosa, photograph 2did not loadValeriana pilosa, photograph 3did not loadValeriana pilosa, photograph 4did not loadValeriana pilosa, photograph 5did not loadValeriana pilosa, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Emma Oxford, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Sebastián Ordóñez, some rights reserved (CC BY) (5).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Oritrophium peruvianum Oritrophium peruvianum Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Yuri SofronovSenecio niveoaureus Senecio niveoaureus Asteraceae Photo: CC0, author not statedHypochaeris sessiliflora Hypochaeris sessiliflora Chikku Chikku Photo: CC BY, Denis ZabinCarex pichinchensis Carex pichinchensis Cyperaceae Photo: CC BY, Yuri SofronovSenecio formosus Senecio formosus Asteraceae Photo: CC0, author not statedEryngium humile Eryngium humile Yerba gorda Photo: CC BY, Denis Zabin

Other Valeriana 45 in the reference

Valeriana alliariifolia Valeriana alliariifolia Caprifoliaceae Photo: CC BY, Maria Kohanovskaya Valeriana amarella Caprifoliaceae Valeriana angustifolia Valeriana angustifolia Caprifoliaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, 阿橋 HQValeriana apula Valeriana apula Caprifoliaceae Photo: CC BY, Flavien SaboureauValeriana arizonica Valeriana arizonica Arizona tobaccoroot Photo: CC0, author not stated Valeriana calcitrapae Caprifoliaceae Valeriana californica Valeriana californica California valerian Photo: CC0, author not stated Valeriana carinata Caprifoliaceae Valeriana celtica Valeriana celtica Celtic Spikenard Photo: CC BY, Lukas ZanglValeriana clematitis Valeriana clematitis Caprifoliaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, julianazuluaga-carrero Valeriana cornucopiae Caprifoliaceae Valeriana coronata Caprifoliaceae all 46 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Valeriana longifolia; Valeriana longifolia var. pilosa; Valeriana plantaginea; Valeriana plantaginea var. minor. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Caprifoliaceae
Described by
Ruiz & Pav.
Native to
Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador +1
Wild records
578 in range · 376 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 1.00_-77.500, lapse-corrected +803 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22found by its label; its IPNI identifier 286641-2 is Kew's for Valeriana pilosa Ruiz & Pav.
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 61 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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