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Veronica × franciscana; photograph CawVus, CC BY-SA, via GBIF CC BY-SACawVus, CC BY-SA, via GBIF

Veronica × franciscana Eastw.

Plantaginaceae · New Zealand North

Cited as Kew's World Checklist cites it, Veronica × franciscana Eastw.: GBIF's backbone key for this page carries the name with another author, (Eastw.) Howell, Raven & Rubtzov.

A hybrid: V. elliptica × V. speciosa, the parents Kew's World Checklist states for it (WCVP, RBG Kew).

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Veronica × franciscana, photograph CawVus, CC BY-SA, via GBIFVeronica × franciscana, photograph CawVus, CC BY-SA, via GBIFVeronica × franciscana, photograph CawVus, CC BY-SA, via GBIFVeronica × franciscana, photograph Lindi Howard, CC BY-SA, via GBIFVeronica × franciscana, photograph Татьяна Максимова, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFVeronica × franciscana, photograph Татьяна Максимова, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF 24 photographs ›
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
3.8°C
Record low 1.6 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
21°C
Feb at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,256mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
11–43DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 6 records in 6 grid cells. The records.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (935 mm of 1,258 mm) takes 8 months, April to October and December. Mean temperature moves 7.9 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: October to April and June.

Rain

1,258 mm in the median year at the habitat, 935 mm of it April to October and December. Wettest month July at 149 mm, driest months (2 at 73 mm). Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 968 mm to 1,785 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,256 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,258 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 11 to 43 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 10, the highest 90th-percentile month 46).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 3.8 °C, the absolute minimum 1.6 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 24.8 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 8.5 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range 5.3 °C to 9.0 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 20.8 °C in February (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 3.8 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 61 to 63% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -144 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 6 records in 6 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Veronica × franciscana through the yearWarmest month February, mean daily high 21 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low 8.5 °C; 1,258 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.0°5°10°15°20°25°30°24.8° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER1.6° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 11–43RH 61–63%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 6 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C20 / 17–2321 / 18–2319 / 17–2117 / 15–1914 / 13–1613 / 11–1412 / 10–1312 / 11–1313 / 12–1515 / 13–1717 / 14–1919 / 16–21
Night °C15 / 13–1615 / 14–1714 / 12–1513 / 10–1311 / 8–129 / 6–109 / 5–99 / 5–910 / 7–1011 / 8–1112 / 10–1314 / 12–15
Rain mm73 / 57–11973 / 60–11687 / 73–12595 / 75–131118 / 90–155137 / 108–176149 / 123–179130 / 92–166103 / 75–162111 / 80–16890 / 68–13792 / 68–157
DLI43 / 42–4637 / 36–3930 / 29–3021 / 20–2214 / 13–1511 / 10–1212 / 12–1418 / 17–1926 / 24–2634 / 31–3540 / 38–4243 / 41–45
RH %62 / 59–6462 / 60–6462 / 60–6463 / 60–6463 / 61–6563 / 61–6663 / 61–6663 / 61–6563 / 61–6563 / 60–6461 / 59–6362 / 60–64
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 6 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (6 records in those cells; 1 more cell holds records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cell is left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2579:7088 (-38.975, 174.425). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 1.6 °C, 1st-percentile night 3.8 °C, 99th-percentile day 24.8 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 6 distinct grid cells holding 6 of the 8 in-range records (1 further cell with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2579:7088 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -39.00_174.375, lapse-corrected -144 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 34 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeNew Zealand North · introduced: Great Britain, Ireland, Falkland Is. · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-41.333, 174.817 · in the densest population, 7 records (64% of those in range)
Range sourceKew's entry Veronica × franciscana Eastw. · the range is that of Kew's entry of these words by another author than the one this page cites
Kew's description“shrub” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 11 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 6 of them in the land cells it reads, of 8 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 4 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 1 km away. 1056 records outside the WCVP native range not used. Under a dozen records behind the map and the climate. 3 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 11 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Veronica × franciscana, photograph 1did not loadVeronica × franciscana, photograph 2did not loadVeronica × franciscana, photograph 3did not loadVeronica × franciscana, photograph 4did not loadVeronica × franciscana, photograph 5did not loadVeronica × franciscana, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: CawVus, CC BY-SA, via GBIF (3); Lindi Howard, CC BY-SA, via GBIF; Татьяна Максимова, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Coprosma repens Coprosma repens Tree bedstraw Photo: CC BY, Tim ParkVeronica speciosa Veronica speciosa New Zealand hebe Photo: CC BY, rempson Shawia solandri Asteraceae Melicope × mantellii Melicope × mantellii Rutaceae Photo: CC BY, Lorraine CookPlagianthus divaricatus Plagianthus divaricatus Makaka Photo: CC0, author not statedParatrophis banksii Paratrophis banksii Large-leaved Milk Tree Photo: CC BY, Andy McKay

Other Veronica 179 in the reference

Veronica adamsii Veronica adamsii Adams' Koromiko Photo: CC0, author not statedVeronica agrestis Veronica agrestis Green field-speedwell Photo: CC0, author not statedVeronica albicans Veronica albicans Veronica recurva Photo: CC BY, Kate McAlpineVeronica allionii Veronica allionii Plantaginaceae Photo: CC BY, Augustin SoulardVeronica alpina Veronica alpina Alpine speedwell Photo: CC0, author not statedVeronica americana Veronica americana American speedwell Photo: CC BY, IDClaireVeronica amplexicaulis Veronica amplexicaulis Plantaginaceae Photo: CC BY, Pieter PelserVeronica anagallis-aquatica Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue water-speedwell Photo: CC BY, Jason GrantVeronica × andersonii Veronica × andersonii Plantaginaceae Photo: CC BY, jonno_99Veronica aphylla Veronica aphylla Largeflower Speedwell Photo: CC0, author not statedVeronica armena Veronica armena Armenian speedwell Photo: CC BY-SA, Grzegorz GrzejszczakVeronica armstrongii Veronica armstrongii Armstrong's Whipcord Photo: CC BY-SA, Nick all 180 ›

Names & registers

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidata

The record

Family
Plantaginaceae
Described by
Eastw.
Native to
New Zealand North
Wild records
11 in range · 4 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22GBIF's key g7445708 is Veronica franciscana (Eastw.) Howell, Raven & Rubtzov; the page links Kew's Veronica × franciscana Eastw., and the name is cited as Kew cites it
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04the range is Kew's entry Veronica × franciscana Eastw.; the name is cited (Eastw.) Howell, Raven & Rubtzov
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 46 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (26 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 3 at a herbarium, 17 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -39.00_174.375, lapse-corrected -144 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist taxon inat.taxon not asked
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 31 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

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