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Wahlenbergia hederacea; photograph Frank Vassen from Brussels, Belgium, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons CC BYFrank Vassen from Brussels, Belgium, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Wahlenbergia hederacea (L.) Rchb.

Campanulaceae · Great Britain, Ireland +6

English names not checked: Wikidata's common names were not read for this page.

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Wahlenbergia hederacea, photograph Aroche, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsWahlenbergia hederacea, photograph Steve Law, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia CommonsWahlenbergia hederacea, photograph peganum from Small Dole, England, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia CommonsWahlenbergia hederacea, photograph Mathieu Menand, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr, via Wikimedia CommonsWahlenbergia hederacea, photograph Mathieu Menand, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr, via Wikimedia CommonsWahlenbergia hederacea, photograph Mathieu Menand, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr, via Wikimedia Commons 12 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-6.0°C
Record low -14.3 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
22°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,247mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
6–37DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Wahlenbergia hederacea, also known as the ivy-leaved bellflower, is a species of flowering plant that is found throughout Europe. The delicate, patch-forming, hairless perennial herb has thin, creeping stems about 20 cm in length. Its pale green leaves are long-stalked and have an ivy-shaped, rounded structure. These leaves can be described as having a cordate shape and are approximately 5–12 mm long and wide. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Wahlenbergia hederacea", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (903 mm of 1,242 mm) takes 8 months, October to May. Mean temperature moves 13.5 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: April to November.

Rain

1,242 mm in the median year at the habitat, 903 mm of it October to May. Wettest month December at 133 mm, driest month July at 78 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 858 mm to 1,744 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,247 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,242 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 6 to 37 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 4, the highest 90th-percentile month 41).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -6.0 °C, the absolute minimum -14.3 °C, 2,240 frost nights in 44 years, 50.9 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 30.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 1.2 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -1.3 °C to 4.1 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 21.8 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -6.0 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 61 to 67% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +1 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Wahlenbergia hederacea through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 22 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 1.2 °C; 1,242 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost30.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-14.3° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200250mm rainDLI 6–37RH 61–67%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 1110 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C7 / 5–107 / 5–1110 / 8–1312 / 10–1516 / 13–1819 / 16–2222 / 18–2522 / 18–2519 / 16–2215 / 12–1810 / 8–137 / 5–10
Night °C1 / -1–41 / -1–43 / 1–55 / 2–78 / 6–1011 / 9–1313 / 11–1513 / 11–1511 / 9–138 / 6–114 / 2–72 / 0–5
Rain mm122 / 81–19197 / 62–14598 / 66–14597 / 61–146102 / 71–14684 / 53–11278 / 50–10782 / 46–11695 / 67–134125 / 88–193129 / 84–199133 / 89–207
DLI8 / 5–1113 / 10–1721 / 16–2529 / 26–3234 / 32–3737 / 33–4137 / 32–4132 / 27–3624 / 19–2815 / 11–189 / 6–126 / 4–9
RH %67 / 63–7165 / 62–6963 / 60–6862 / 60–6562 / 60–6562 / 59–6661 / 58–6761 / 58–6763 / 59–6765 / 62–6967 / 63–7167 / 63–72
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 1110 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (1454 records in those cells; 7 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 831:3604 (48.425, 0.225). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -14.3 °C, 1st-percentile night -6.0 °C, 99th-percentile day 30.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 1110 distinct grid cells holding 1454 of the 1461 in-range records (7 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 831:3604 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 48.50_0.000, lapse-corrected +1 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 194 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

This species has no GBIF key of its own. Its records are GBIF's under the key of the name Kew's World Checklist holds as this plant: 9612996 (Hesperocodon hederaceus (L.) Eddie & Cupido, 2000 records). No name was matched to GBIF; the keys are read from Kew's synonymy. How.

NativeGreat Britain, Ireland, Belgium, Germany, Netherlands, France, Portugal, Spain · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker45.191, 2.172 · in the densest population, 1217 records (80% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1519 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1454 of them in the land cells it reads, of 1461 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 1138 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 159 km away. 58 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 9612996 (Hesperocodon hederaceus (L.) Eddie & Cupido): Kew's file holds it as Hesperocodon hederaceus (L.) Eddie & Cupido (synonym under Wahlenbergia hederacea (L.) Rchb.); 2,000 records, from GBIF's download.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 1519 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Wahlenbergia hederacea, photograph 1did not loadWahlenbergia hederacea, photograph 2did not loadWahlenbergia hederacea, photograph 3did not loadWahlenbergia hederacea, photograph 4did not loadWahlenbergia hederacea, photograph 5did not loadWahlenbergia hederacea, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: Aroche, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Steve Law, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons; peganum from Small Dole, England, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Mathieu Menand, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr, via Wikimedia Commons (3).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Scutellaria minor Scutellaria minor Lesser skullcap Photo: CC BY, Duarte FradePetrosedum forsterianum Petrosedum forsterianum Forster's stonecrop Photo: CC BY, Duarte FradeEpilobium lanceolatum Epilobium lanceolatum Spear-leaved willowherb Photo: CC BY, Clare BowleyOrchis mascula Orchis mascula Early-purple orchid Photo: CC BY, Barry StewartLeucanthemum maximum Leucanthemum maximum Shasta daisy Photo: CC BY, Julia PalmerHelleborus viridis Helleborus viridis Green hellebore Photo: CC BY, Nico Hernandez

Other Wahlenbergia 19 in the reference

Wahlenbergia akaroa Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia albomarginata Wahlenbergia albomarginata New Zealand Harebell Photo: CC0, author not statedWahlenbergia capensis Wahlenbergia capensis Cape Bluebell Photo: CC BY, Martjie Fia FourieWahlenbergia capillaris Wahlenbergia capillaris Campanulaceae Photo: CC BY, JoshWahlenbergia fernandeziana Wahlenbergia fernandeziana Campanulaceae Photo: CC BY, Flavien SaboureauWahlenbergia gloriosa Wahlenbergia gloriosa Royal bluebell Photo: CC BY-SA, Victor PhillipsWahlenbergia gracilis Wahlenbergia gracilis Australian Bluebell Photo: CC BY, Matthew LincolnWahlenbergia littoralis Wahlenbergia littoralis Campanulaceae Photo: CC BY, Jacob MooreWahlenbergia lobelioides Wahlenbergia lobelioides Campanulaceae Photo: CC BY, Borja FierroWahlenbergia marginata Wahlenbergia marginata Southern rockbell Photo: CC BY, Justin DonahueWahlenbergia matthewsii Wahlenbergia matthewsii Campanulaceae Photo: CC BY, Benjamin LavinWahlenbergia procumbens Wahlenbergia procumbens Creeping Capebell Photo: CC BY, Dave Richardson all 20 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Wahlenbergia hederifolia; Roucela hederacea; Hesperocodon hederaceus; Schultesia hederacea; Wahlenbergia stenocalyx and 7 more. (WCVP, RBG Kew)

IPNIPOWOWikidataWFOWikipedia

The record

Family
Campanulaceae
Described by
(L.) Rchb.
Native to
Great Britain, Ireland, Belgium +5
Wild records
1519 in range · 1138 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
Kew's names (WCVP) kew.names answeredas of 2026-06-04Kew's entry Wahlenbergia hederacea (L.) Rchb. (plant_name_id 357563), read from Kew's names file
GBIF species record gbif.species not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21this species has no GBIF key of its own; its records are read under GBIF's keys for the names Kew's file holds as this plant, never by a name matched; GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 2000 records of GBIF's key 9612996, Hesperocodon hederaceus (L.) Eddie & Cupido (Kew's file holds it as Hesperocodon hederaceus (L.) Eddie & Cupido (synonym under Wahlenbergia hederacea (L.) Rchb.)): the GBIF download; 16 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (14 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 2 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 48.50_0.000, lapse-corrected +1 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22found by Kew's IPNI identifier 145772-1, POWO 145772-1
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 178 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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