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Xeronema callistemon; photograph author not stated, no rights reserved CC0author not stated, no rights reserved · observed growing wild · 2025-12-21

Xeronema callistemon W.R.B.Oliv.

Poor Knights lily

Xeronemataceae · New Zealand North

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Xeronema callistemon, photograph (c) Oscar Dove, some rights reserved (CC BY)Xeronema callistemon, photograph (c) Eleanor Bissell, some rights reserved (CC BY)Xeronema callistemon, photograph (c) Oscar Dove, some rights reserved (CC BY)Xeronema callistemon, photograph (c) Oscar Dove, some rights reserved (CC BY)Xeronema callistemon, photograph (c) Debra Baker, some rights reserved (CC BY)Xeronema callistemon, photograph (c) Debra Baker, some rights reserved (CC BY) 23 photographs ›
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
5.7°C
Record low 3.3 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
22°C
Feb at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,190mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
13–43DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 5 records in 3 grid cells. The records.

Summary

Xeronema callistemon is a species of flowering plant endemic to the Poor Knights Islands and Taranga Island in the north of New Zealand. It was discovered in 1924 and is also called raupōtaranga (te reo Māori) or Poor Knights lily. The plant is listed as vulnerable in the 1997 IUCN Red List of Plants, but As of April 2026 is not listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Xeronema callistemon", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (874 mm of 1,185 mm) takes 8 months, April to October and December. Mean temperature moves 8.3 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: October to April and June.

Rain

1,185 mm in the median year at the habitat, 874 mm of it April to October and December. Wettest month July at 139 mm, driest months (2 at 73 mm). Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,171 mm to 1,305 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,190 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,185 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 13 to 43 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 5.7 °C, the absolute minimum 3.3 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 26.2 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 9.7 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range 9.6 °C to 12.3 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 21.8 °C in February (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 5.7 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 61 to 63% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -15 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 5 records in 3 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Xeronema callistemon through the yearWarmest month February, mean daily high 22 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low 9.7 °C; 1,185 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.0°5°10°15°20°25°30°26.2° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER3.3° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 13–43RH 61–63%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 3 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C21 / 20–2122 / 21–2220 / 20–2118 / 18–1916 / 16–1714 / 14–1513 / 13–1514 / 14–1415 / 15–1516 / 16–1618 / 17–1820 / 19–20
Night °C17 / 17–1818 / 18–1916 / 16–1815 / 14–1613 / 13–1511 / 11–1310 / 10–1210 / 10–1211 / 11–1312 / 12–1414 / 14–1516 / 16–17
Rain mm73 / 71–8573 / 72–8082 / 81–9993 / 92–105112 / 110–130125 / 123–144139 / 137–157119 / 117–135103 / 101–10693 / 87–9583 / 81–8590 / 89–92
DLI43 / 43–4338 / 38–3831 / 31–3122 / 22–2216 / 16–1613 / 13–1314 / 14–1520 / 19–2027 / 26–2734 / 34–3540 / 40–4042 / 42–43
RH %61 / 60–6361 / 61–626161 / 60–6162 / 60–6262 / 60–6263 / 61–6362 / 60–6262 / 61–62616161 / 61–63
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 3 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (5 records in those cells; 1 more cell holds records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cell is left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2537:7094 (-36.875, 174.725). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 3.3 °C, 1st-percentile night 5.7 °C, 99th-percentile day 26.2 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 3 distinct grid cells holding 5 of the 6 in-range records (1 further cell with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2537:7094 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -37.00_175.000, lapse-corrected -15 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 35 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeNew Zealand North · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-35.502, 174.741 · in the densest population, 50 records (91% of those in range)
Kew's description“rhizomatous geophyte” · “subtropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 55 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 5 of them in the land cells it reads, of 6 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 28 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 2 km away. 3 records outside the WCVP native range not used. Under a dozen records behind the climate. 49 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 55 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Xeronema callistemon, photograph 1did not loadXeronema callistemon, photograph 2did not loadXeronema callistemon, photograph 3did not loadXeronema callistemon, photograph 4did not loadXeronema callistemon, photograph 5did not loadXeronema callistemon, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Oscar Dove, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); (c) Eleanor Bissell, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Debra Baker, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Metrosideros × subtomentosa Metrosideros × subtomentosa Myrtaceae Photo: CC BY, Jacqui Geux Piper melchior Piperaceae Alternanthera nahui Alternanthera nahui Nahui Photo: CC BY, William HarlandPennantia baylisiana Pennantia baylisiana Three Kings Kaikomako Photo: Public domain, LawrieM at English Wikipedia Blechnum zeelandicum Aspleniaceae Sophora chathamica Sophora chathamica Coastal Kōwhai Photo: CC BY, Tom Beard

Other Xeronema 1 in the reference

Xeronema moorei Xeronema moorei New Caledonia bottlebrush lily Photo: CC BY, Irisa Hudson

Names & registers

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Xeronemataceae
Described by
W.R.B.Oliv.
Native to
New Zealand North
Wild records
55 in range · 28 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 4 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (4 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -37.00_175.000, lapse-corrected -15 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rules
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 7 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

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