Example ⟳ +
An example collection, so you can see what this page does. Nothing added here is kept: leaving deletes it.
Actaea erythrocarpa; photograph (c) Sergey Basalaev, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Sergey Basalaev, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-08-10

Actaea erythrocarpa (Fisch.) Kom.

Red baneberry

Ranunculaceae · Finland, Sweden +24

Cited as Kew's World Checklist cites it, Actaea erythrocarpa (Fisch.) Kom.: GBIF's backbone key for this page carries the name with another author, Fisch.

Add one to my plants
Sow seed
Actaea erythrocarpa, photograph (c) Ксения Волянская, some rights reserved (CC BY)Actaea erythrocarpa, photograph (c) Ксения Волянская, some rights reserved (CC BY)Actaea erythrocarpa, photograph (c) Natalia Kazakova, some rights reserved (CC BY)Actaea erythrocarpa, photograph (c) Valerii Glazunov, some rights reserved (CC BY)Actaea erythrocarpa, photograph (c) Valerii Glazunov, some rights reserved (CC BY)Actaea erythrocarpa, photograph (c) Евгений Маринкин, some rights reserved (CC BY) 57 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-36.3°C
Record low -49.4 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
22°C
Jul at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
649mm
11 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
3–36DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes May to November, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (475 mm of 632 mm) falls in May to November, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 8.9 °C against a yearly mean of 1.3 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to May.

Rain

632 mm in the median year at the habitat, 475 mm of it May to November. Wettest month July at 90 mm, driest month February at 24 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 492 mm to 1,031 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 649 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 632 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 3 to 36 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 0, the highest 90th-percentile month 39).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -36.3 °C, the absolute minimum -49.4 °C, 8,819 frost nights in 44 years, 200.4 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 30.8 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -18.5 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -30.3 °C to -14.2 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 21.8 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -36.3 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 55 to 72% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +13 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Actaea erythrocarpa through the yearWarmest month July, mean daily high 22 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low -18.5 °C; 632 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-60°-40°-20°0°20°40°frost30.8° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-49.4° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 3–36RH 55–72%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 639 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C-12 / -21–-9-10 / -16–-8-3 / -9–-16 / 0–814 / 8–1620 / 14–2122 / 18–2319 / 15–2113 / 9–155 / 0–7-4 / -13–-2-10 / -21–-6
Night °C-19 / -30–-14-17 / -28–-14-11 / -19–-8-4 / -9–-24 / -1–510 / 6–1213 / 10–1511 / 8–135 / 2–8-1 / -8–1-10 / -23–-6-16 / -29–-12
Rain mm32 / 17–5424 / 12–4228 / 15–4735 / 25–5854 / 42–8377 / 59–11590 / 66–16087 / 65–16367 / 54–12255 / 38–9445 / 28–7338 / 20–64
DLI4 / 1–99 / 5–1619 / 13–2628 / 24–3434 / 32–3836 / 33–3933 / 30–3625 / 21–2916 / 12–238 / 5–154 / 2–103 / 0–7
RH %72 / 63–7968 / 61–7363 / 57–6657 / 54–6155 / 53–6057 / 56–6260 / 58–6361 / 59–6462 / 59–6563 / 59–6868 / 61–7472 / 63–79
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 639 grid cells holding the 1149 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 657:4910 (57.125, 65.525). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -49.4 °C, 1st-percentile night -36.3 °C, 99th-percentile day 30.8 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 639 distinct grid cells holding 1149 of the 1149 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 657:4910 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 57.00_65.625, lapse-corrected +13 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 88 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeFinland, Sweden, East European Russia, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Altay, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, West Siberia, Yakutskiya, Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Is., Primorye, Sakhalin, Kazakhstan, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Mongolia, Japan, Korea · introduced: Baltic States · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker56.788, 60.562 · in the densest population, 391 records (23% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1706 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1149 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 904 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 671 km away. 2 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 557 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 1706 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Actaea erythrocarpa, photograph 1did not loadActaea erythrocarpa, photograph 2did not loadActaea erythrocarpa, photograph 3did not loadActaea erythrocarpa, photograph 4did not loadActaea erythrocarpa, photograph 5did not loadActaea erythrocarpa, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Ксения Волянская, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Natalia Kazakova, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Valerii Glazunov, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Евгений Маринкин, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Abies sibirica Abies sibirica Siberian fir Photo: CC BY, Oleg KosterinStellaria bungeana Stellaria bungeana Bunge's Chickweed Photo: CC BY, Ксения ВолянскаяCerastium pauciflorum Cerastium pauciflorum Hairy mouse-ear chickweed Photo: CC BY, Полина ПолежанкинаPetasites radiatus Petasites radiatus Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Полина ПолежанкинаLathyrus gmelinii Lathyrus gmelinii Gmelin’s vetchling Photo: CC0, Татьяна ФирсоваPleurospermum uralense Pleurospermum uralense Kamchatka pleurospermum Photo: CC BY, Oleg Kosterin

Other Actaea 17 in the reference

Actaea arizonica Actaea arizonica Arizona bugbane Photo: CC BY-SA, Krzysztof Ziarnek, KenraizActaea asiatica Actaea asiatica Asian baneberry Photo: CC BY, Jane CharlenActaea cimicifuga Actaea cimicifuga Chinese cimicifuga Photo: CC BY, Oleg KosterinActaea cordifolia Actaea cordifolia Ranunculaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, SalicynaActaea dahurica Actaea dahurica Dahurian bugbane Photo: CC BY, Tatyana PetrenkoActaea elata Actaea elata Tall bugbane Photo: CC BY, Cody HinchliffActaea europaea Actaea europaea Ranunculaceae Photo: CC BY, Bobo-XActaea heracleifolia Actaea heracleifolia Komarov’s bugbane Photo: CC BY-SA, André Karwath aka AkaActaea japonica Actaea japonica Jejudo bugbane Photo: CC BY-SA, Qwert1234Actaea pachypoda Actaea pachypoda White baneberry Photo: CC0, author not statedActaea podocarpa Actaea podocarpa American bugbane Photo: CC BY, Alaina KrakowiakActaea racemosa Actaea racemosa Black snakeroot Photo: CC0, author not stated all 18 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Actaea rubra subsp. rubra; Actaea alba; Actaea americana var. alba; Actaea americana var. rubra; Actaea aspleniifolia and 25 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Ranunculaceae
Described by
(Fisch.) Kom.
Native to
Finland, Sweden, East European Russia +23
Wild records
1706 in range · 904 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21GBIF's key 5616603 is Actaea erythrocarpa Fisch.; Kew accepts Actaea erythrocarpa (Fisch.) Kom., and the name is cited as Kew accepts it; its synonyms and common names are read from GBIF's Actaea erythrocarpa (Fisch.) Kom. (7613626), which GBIF files under Actaea rubra subsp. rubra (5709518) too
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-2132 read from GBIF's Actaea erythrocarpa (Fisch.) Kom. (7613626), which GBIF files under Actaea rubra subsp. rubra (5709518)
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 30 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (27 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 3 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 57.00_65.625, lapse-corrected +13 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21IPNI and POWO linked by Kew's number for Actaea erythrocarpa (Fisch.) Kom. (the item's: IPNI 708004-1, POWO 77138188-1)
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 41 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…