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Argemone glauca; photograph author not stated, no rights reserved CC0author not stated, no rights reserved · observed growing wild · 2026-08-04

Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope

Smooth pricklypoppy; Hawaiian Pricklypoppy

Papaveraceae · Hawaii

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Argemone glauca, photograph (c) Harrison Cole, some rights reserved (CC BY)Argemone glauca, photograph (c) Harrison Cole, some rights reserved (CC BY)Argemone glauca, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedArgemone glauca, photograph (c) Neal Kelso, some rights reserved (CC BY)Argemone glauca, photograph (c) Neal Kelso, some rights reserved (CC BY)Argemone glauca, photograph author not stated, no rights reserved 48 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
18.4°C
Record low 16.2 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
26°C
Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
963mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
27–44DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
A sharp rainy season, October to April (the habitat's months, not shifted), in a year of even temperature. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Argemone glauca, the Hawaiian poppy or pua kala, is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae, native to Hawaii. A perennial, it is found in dry situations, including disturbed areas, from sea level up to 6,200 ft (1,900 m) on all of the main islands.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Argemone glauca", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the median year's rain (701 mm of 990 mm) falls in October to April. The temperature curve is flat, 2.8 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere. The temperature curve moves under 4 °C between the warmest and coldest month, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

990 mm in the median year at the habitat, 701 mm of it October to April. Wettest month December at 130 mm, driest month June at 48 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 679 mm to 1,891 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 963 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 990 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 27 to 44 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 26, the highest 90th-percentile month 47).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 18.4 °C, the absolute minimum 16.2 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 31.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 19.4 °C in February (across the grid cells of the range 7.8 °C to 21.2 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 25.5 °C in August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 18.4 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 63 to 64% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -540 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Argemone glauca through the yearWarmest month August, mean daily high 26 °C; coldest month February, mean nightly low 19.4 °C; 990 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.5°10°15°20°25°30°35°31.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER16.2° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200250mm rainDLI 27–44RH 63–64%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 77 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C23 / 18–2422 / 17–2423 / 18–2523 / 18–2524 / 19–2625 / 20–2725 / 21–2726 / 21–2825 / 21–2825 / 20–2725 / 19–2623 / 18–25
Night °C20 / 8–2219 / 8–2120 / 8–2120 / 9–2221 / 10–2322 / 10–2322 / 11–2422 / 11–2423 / 11–2422 / 10–2422 / 10–2321 / 9–22
Rain mm117 / 83–19186 / 59–152108 / 73–21778 / 49–16963 / 34–11748 / 17–10863 / 22–16260 / 23–15755 / 26–12779 / 51–139103 / 60–208130 / 72–225
DLI29 / 27–3133 / 32–3538 / 36–3941 / 39–4443 / 40–4744 / 40–4743 / 40–4642 / 40–4539 / 37–4235 / 34–3730 / 28–3127 / 26–30
RH %63 / 59–6763 / 58–6763 / 58–6863 / 58–7063 / 57–7263 / 57–7464 / 58–7364 / 58–7264 / 58–7264 / 58–7164 / 59–6964 / 59–68
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 77 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (204 records in those cells; 2 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1399:483 (20.025, -155.825). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 16.2 °C, 1st-percentile night 18.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 31.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 77 distinct grid cells holding 204 of the 206 in-range records (2 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1399:483 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 20.00_-155.625, lapse-corrected -540 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 96 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeHawaii · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker19.816, -156.001 · in the densest population, 241 records (93% of those in range)
Kew's description“annual” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 258 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 204 of them in the land cells it reads, of 206 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 71 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 39 km away. 52 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 7993633 (Argemone glauca (Prain) O.Deg. & I.Deg., 1958): Kew's file holds it as Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope (accepted); 1 record, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 258 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Argemone glauca, photograph 1did not loadArgemone glauca, photograph 2did not loadArgemone glauca, photograph 3did not loadArgemone glauca, photograph 4did not loadArgemone glauca, photograph 5did not loadArgemone glauca, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Harrison Cole, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0 (2); (c) Neal Kelso, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Myoporum sandwicense Myoporum sandwicense Bastard-sandalwood Photo: CC BY, Neal KelsoChenopodium oahuense Chenopodium oahuense Hawaiian Goosefoot Photo: CC BY, Neal KelsoAsplenium kaulfussii Asplenium kaulfussii Kaulfuss' spleenwort Photo: CC BY, Kevin FaccendaDiospyros sandwicensis Diospyros sandwicensis Lama Photo: CC BY, Brynn FrickeEuphorbia celastroides Euphorbia celastroides 'Ekoko Photo: CC0, author not statedOsteomeles anthyllidifolia Osteomeles anthyllidifolia Hawai'i hawthorn Photo: CC BY, Robin White

Other Argemone 13 in the reference

Argemone aenea Argemone aenea Golden prickly-poppy Photo: CC BY, Cricket RaspetArgemone albiflora Argemone albiflora Bluestem pricklypoppy Photo: CC BY, saltyhikerArgemone aurantiaca Argemone aurantiaca Texas prickly-poppy Photo: CC BY, RachelArgemone grandiflora Argemone grandiflora Papaveraceae Photo: CC BY, Javier HernandezArgemone mexicana Argemone mexicana Mexican prickly poppy Photo: CC0, author not statedArgemone munita Argemone munita Flat-bud prickly poppy Photo: CC BY, Parker James LloydArgemone ochroleuca Argemone ochroleuca Mexican-poppy Photo: CC0, author not statedArgemone platyceras Argemone platyceras Crested-poppy Photo: CC BY, jessicavazquezArgemone pleiacantha Argemone pleiacantha Southwestern prickly poppy Photo: CC BY, Alex DoyleArgemone polyanthemos Argemone polyanthemos Plains prickly-poppy Photo: CC0, author not statedArgemone rosea Argemone rosea Rose Prickly Poppy Photo: CC BY-SA, Michael Wolf (Webseite)Argemone sanguinea Argemone sanguinea Red pricklypoppy Photo: CC BY, Ricardo Jaimes-López all 14 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Argemone alba subsp. glauca; Argemone alba var. glauca; Argemone glauca var. decipiens; Argemone glauca var. inermis. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Papaveraceae
Described by
(Nutt. ex Prain) Pope
Native to
Hawaii
Wild records
258 in range · 71 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredasked 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 1 record of GBIF's key 7993633, Argemone glauca (Prain) O.Deg. & I.Deg., 1958 (Kew's file holds it as Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope (accepted)): GBIF occurrence search API; 30 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (30 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 20.00_-155.625, lapse-corrected -540 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21IPNI and POWO linked by Kew's number for Argemone glauca (Nutt. ex Prain) Pope (the item's: IPNI 671697-1, POWO 671698-1)
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 12 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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