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Arisaema candidissimum; photograph peganum, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SApeganum, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Arisaema candidissimum W.W.Sm.

Araceae · China South-Central, Tibet

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Arisaema candidissimum, photograph Peter coxhead, CC0, via Wikimedia CommonsArisaema candidissimum, photograph Rod Waddington from Kergunyah, Australia, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia CommonsArisaema candidissimum, photograph brewbooks from near Seattle, USA, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia CommonsArisaema candidissimum, photograph peganum, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia CommonsArisaema candidissimum, photograph Motohiro Sunouchi, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsArisaema candidissimum, photograph Motohiro Sunouchi, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 12 photographs ›
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-4.8°C
Record low -10.2 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
20°C
Jun and Jul at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,163mm
8 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
23–37DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes June to September, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 5 records in 3 grid cells. The records.

Summary

Arisaema candidissimum is a species of flowering plant in the arum family (Araceae), originating in western China (Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan). Various English names have been given to the species, including Chinese cobra lily and Chinese jack-in-the-pulpit. The Chinese name is 白苞南星 (bai bao nan xing).

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Arisaema candidissimum", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Arisaema

Arisaema is a large and diverse genus of the flowering plant family Araceae. The largest concentration of species is in China and Japan, with other species native to other parts of southern Asia as well as eastern and central Africa, Mexico and eastern North America. Asiatic species are often called cobra lilies, while western species are often called jack-in-the-pulpit; both names refer to the distinctive appearance of the flower, which consists of an erect central spadix rising from a spathe.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Arisaema", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (906 mm of 1,164 mm) falls in June to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 16.5 °C against a yearly mean of 11.5 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to March.

Rain

1,164 mm in the median year at the habitat, 906 mm of it June to September. Wettest month July at 294 mm, driest month December at 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,157 mm to 1,203 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,163 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,164 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 23 to 37 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 19, the highest 90th-percentile month 38).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -4.8 °C, the absolute minimum -10.2 °C, 3,125 frost nights in 44 years, 71.0 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 28.5 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -2.1 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -3.8 °C to -1.9 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 19.8 °C in June (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -4.8 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 54 to 67% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -595 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 5 records in 3 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Arisaema candidissimum through the yearWarmest months June and July, mean daily high 20 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low -2.1 °C; 1,164 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-20°-10°0°10°20°30°frost28.5° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-10.2° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 23–37RH 54–67%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 3 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C9 / 7–910 / 9–1014 / 12–1417 / 15–1719 / 18–1920 / 19–2020 / 19–2019 / 18–1918 / 17–1816 / 15–1613 / 11–1310 / 9–10
Night °C-2 / -4–-2-2 / -3–-12 / 0–25 / 3–59 / 8–912 / 11–1213 / 12–1312 / 11–1211 / 10–118 / 6–83 / 1–3-1 / -2–0
Rain mm9 / 9–1016 / 14–1635 / 33–3535 / 34–3678 / 76–79188 / 185–194294 / 293–308255 / 253–269169 / 167–17666 / 65–6714 / 14–155
DLI25 / 22–2630 / 27–3135 / 33–3637 / 36–3836 / 36–3630 / 30–3128 / 27–3029 / 28–3025 / 24–2524 / 22–2423 / 20–2423 / 19–24
RH %55 / 55–5656 / 55–5757 / 56–5757 / 56–5758 / 57–586467 / 67–6867 / 66–6867 / 67–6861 / 61–625754 / 54–55
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 3 grid cells holding the 5 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1254:5603 (27.275, 100.175). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -10.2 °C, 1st-percentile night -4.8 °C, 99th-percentile day 28.5 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 3 distinct grid cells holding 5 of the 5 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1254:5603 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 27.50_100.000, lapse-corrected -595 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 2659 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeChina South-Central, Tibet · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker26.876, 100.23 · in the densest population, 14 records (64% of those in range)
Kew's description“tuberous geophyte” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 22 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 5 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 10 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 91 km away. 2 records outside the WCVP native range not used. Under a dozen records behind the climate. 17 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 22 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Arisaema candidissimum, photograph 1did not loadArisaema candidissimum, photograph 2did not loadArisaema candidissimum, photograph 3did not loadArisaema candidissimum, photograph 4did not loadArisaema candidissimum, photograph 5did not loadArisaema candidissimum, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: Peter coxhead, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons; Rod Waddington from Kergunyah, Australia, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons; brewbooks from near Seattle, USA, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons; peganum, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Motohiro Sunouchi, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Pseudocodon convolvulaceus Campanulaceae Oxyria sinensis Polygonaceae Allium mairei Allium mairei Amaryllidaceae Photo: CC0, Richard FullerThalictrum delavayi Thalictrum delavayi Chinese meadow-rue Photo: CC BY-SA, Sergei MaslovLeontopodium sinense Leontopodium sinense Asteraceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Krzysztof Ziarnek, KenraizAdenophora khasiana Adenophora khasiana Campanulaceae Photo: CC0, Daderot

Other Arisaema 52 in the reference

Arisaema amurense Arisaema amurense Amur jack-in-the-pulpit Photo: CC BY, Tatyana PetrenkoArisaema angustatum Arisaema angustatum Araceae Photo: CC BY, Alexander Wentworth Arisaema aridum Araceae Arisaema asperatum Araceae Arisaema auriculatum Araceae Arisaema bockii Arisaema bockii Araceae Photo: CC BY, Jiao Sun (孙娇)Arisaema ciliatum Arisaema ciliatum Araceae Photo: CC BY, Wang.QGArisaema concinnum Arisaema concinnum Araceae Photo: CC BY, Morten RossArisaema consanguineum Arisaema consanguineum Himalayan cobra lily Photo: CC BY, Cheng-Tao LinArisaema costatum Arisaema costatum Araceae Photo: CC BY, Sagnik Dutta RoyArisaema cucullatum Arisaema cucullatum Araceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Qwert1234 Arisaema decipiens Araceae all 53 ›

Names & registers

Registers not checked Wikidata did not answer when this page was built, so the links it gives (POWO, IPNI, World Flora Online, Wikipedia) were not checked; any shown here are kept from an earlier build. Not asked, or not answered, is not "none": nothing here claims there is none. Why the site says it this way.
GBIFWikipedia

The record

Family
Araceae
Described by
W.W.Sm.
Native to
China South-Central, Tibet
Wild records
22 in range · 10 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 27.50_100.000, lapse-corrected -595 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata failedasked 2026-10-21query.wikidata.org timeout (batched: Wikidata's query service, 200 GBIF keys)
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist taxon inat.taxon not asked
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media nothing to reportasked 2026-10-21
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 11 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…