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Artocarpus integer; photograph (c) pbsg, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) pbsg, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2022-10-05

Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.

Chempedak; Jack tree

Moraceae · Thailand, Borneo +5

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Artocarpus integer, photograph (c) Doreen, some rights reserved (CC BY)Artocarpus integer, photograph (c) Doreen, some rights reserved (CC BY)Artocarpus integer, photograph (c) Jonas Sielenkämper, some rights reserved (CC BY)Artocarpus integer, photograph (c) Manoj Karingamadathil, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Artocarpus integer, photograph (c) pbsg, some rights reserved (CC BY)Artocarpus integer, photograph (c) pbsg, some rights reserved (CC BY) 22 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
23.1°C
Record low 21.6 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
29°C
Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep and Oct at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
2,656mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
28–35DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Artocarpus integer, called chempedak or cempedak, is a species of tree in the family Moraceae, in the same genus as breadfruit and jackfruit. It is native to Southeast Asia, ranging from Peninsular Malaysia and Peninsular Thailand to Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, and the Maluku Islands. Cempedak is an important crop in Malaysia and is also popularly cultivated in southern Thailand and parts of Indonesia, and has the potential to be utilized in other areas. It is currently limited in range to Southeast Asia, with some trees in Australia and Hawaii.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Artocarpus integer", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Artocarpus

Artocarpus is a genus of approximately 60 trees and shrubs of Southeast Asian and Pacific origin, belonging to the mulberry family, Moraceae. Most species of Artocarpus are restricted to Southeast Asia; a few cultivated species are more widely distributed, especially A. altilis (breadfruit) and A. heterophyllus (jackfruit), which are cultivated throughout the tropics.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Artocarpus", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,956 mm of 2,666 mm) takes 8 months, September to January and March to May. Mean temperature moves 1.4 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

2,666 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,956 mm of it September to January and March to May. Wettest month December at 288 mm, driest month June at 166 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 2,348 mm to 3,343 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 2,656 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 2,666 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 28 to 35 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 26, the highest 90th-percentile month 38).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 23.1 °C, the absolute minimum 21.6 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 30.4 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 23.0 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 20.4 °C to 24.6 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 29.3 °C in March and April (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 23.1 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 65 to 68% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +14 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Artocarpus integer through the yearWarmest months February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September and October, mean daily high 29 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 23.0 °C; 2,666 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.15°20°25°30°35°30.4° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER21.6° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 28–35RH 65–68%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 31 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C28 / 27–2929 / 27–3029 / 28–3129 / 28–3029 / 28–3029 / 28–3029 / 27–3029 / 28–3129 / 27–3029 / 27–3028 / 27–3028 / 27–29
Night °C23 / 20–2523 / 21–2523 / 21–2524 / 21–2624 / 21–2624 / 21–2623 / 20–2623 / 21–2623 / 21–2523 / 21–2523 / 21–2523 / 21–25
Rain mm226 / 89–379172 / 95–317220 / 165–312234 / 154–314221 / 194–310166 / 126–297183 / 128–300189 / 129–309230 / 151–363266 / 192–411271 / 209–375288 / 147–394
DLI31 / 27–3535 / 30–3835 / 30–3834 / 30–3832 / 30–3431 / 29–3432 / 30–3433 / 32–3534 / 31–3532 / 29–3429 / 27–3128 / 26–31
RH %66 / 63–7266 / 63–7066 / 64–7067 / 65–7167 / 66–7066 / 64–6965 / 64–6965 / 64–6866 / 65–6966 / 65–7068 / 66–7168 / 65–71
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 31 grid cells holding the 49 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1723:5875 (3.825, 113.775). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 21.6 °C, 1st-percentile night 23.1 °C, 99th-percentile day 30.4 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 31 distinct grid cells holding 49 of the 49 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1723:5875 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 4.00_113.750, lapse-corrected +14 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 31 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeThailand, Borneo, Jawa, Malaya, Maluku, Sulawesi, Sumatera · introduced: Assam, Laos, Vietnam · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker1.398, 103.81 · in the densest population, 40 records (25% of those in range)
Kew's description“tree” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 158 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 49 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 113 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 449 km away. 42 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 109 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 158 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Artocarpus integer, photograph 1did not loadArtocarpus integer, photograph 2did not loadArtocarpus integer, photograph 3did not loadArtocarpus integer, photograph 4did not loadArtocarpus integer, photograph 5did not loadArtocarpus integer, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Doreen, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Jonas Sielenkämper, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Manoj Karingamadathil, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA); (c) pbsg, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Bulbophyllum vaginatum Bulbophyllum vaginatum Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY, Kai SquiresDendrobium crumenatum Dendrobium crumenatum Dove orchid Photo: CC BY, Indy MarshallDyera costulata Dyera costulata Hill jelutong Photo: CC BY, pbsgDurio zibethinus Durio zibethinus King of Fruits Photo: CC BY, Samuel LeeGrammatophyllum speciosum Grammatophyllum speciosum Giant Orchid Photo: CC BY, Donald Davesne Alstonia spatulata Hard milkwood

Other Artocarpus 16 in the reference

Artocarpus altilis Artocarpus altilis Breadfruit Photo: CC BY, John Barkla Artocarpus blancoi Moraceae Artocarpus camansi Artocarpus camansi Moraceae Photo: CC BY, Dick CulbertArtocarpus elasticus Artocarpus elasticus Terap Photo: CC BY, Steven BodzinArtocarpus heterophyllus Artocarpus heterophyllus Jackfruit Photo: CC BY, Carolina LealArtocarpus hirsutus Artocarpus hirsutus Hirsute artocarpus Photo: CC BY-SA, sneha_forestryArtocarpus hypargyreus Artocarpus hypargyreus Silver-back Artocarpus Photo: CC0, author not statedArtocarpus lacucha Artocarpus lacucha Moraceae Photo: CC BY, HM EmonArtocarpus mariannensis Artocarpus mariannensis Moraceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Origamikid Artocarpus nanchuanensis Moraceae Artocarpus odoratissimus Artocarpus odoratissimus Marang Photo: CC BY, Kai Squires Artocarpus parvus Kwai muk all 17 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Artocarpus champeden; Artocarpus hirsutissimus; Artocarpus integer var. silvestris; Artocarpus integrifolius; Artocarpus integrifolius var. hirsutus and 10 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Moraceae
Described by
(Thunb.) Merr.
Native to
Thailand, Borneo, Jawa +4
Wild records
158 in range · 113 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 9 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (8 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a herbarium; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 4.00_113.750, lapse-corrected +14 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rules
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 34 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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