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Brunfelsia grandiflora; photograph (c) portioid, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) portioid, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2025-04-15

Brunfelsia grandiflora D.Don

Largeflower brunfelsia

Solanaceae · Venezuela, Bolivia +4

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Brunfelsia grandiflora, photograph (c) Eduardo Chacón Madrigal, some rights reserved (CC BY)Brunfelsia grandiflora, photograph (c) Eduardo Chacón Madrigal, some rights reserved (CC BY)Brunfelsia grandiflora, photograph (c) Eduardo Chacón Madrigal, some rights reserved (CC BY)Brunfelsia grandiflora, photograph (c) Eduardo Chacón Madrigal, some rights reserved (CC BY)Brunfelsia grandiflora, photograph (c) Eduardo Chacón Madrigal, some rights reserved (CC BY)Brunfelsia grandiflora, photograph (c) Eduardo Chacón Madrigal, some rights reserved (CC BY) 13 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
18.2°C
Record low 16.7 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
27°C
Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov and Dec at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
3,143mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
24–32DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Brunfelsia grandiflora is a flowering shrub in the nightshade family. It is native to South America. In English is known by the common names royal purple brunfelsia, kiss-me-quick, and yesterday-today-and-tomorrow. In Peru it is known by the Spanish-Quechua name chiricsanango.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Brunfelsia grandiflora", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Brunfelsia

Brunfelsia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to subfamily Petunioideae of the nightshade family Solanaceae. The 50 or so species have been grouped into the three sections: Brunfelsia, Franciscea and Guianenses, which differ significantly in both distribution and characteristics, although molecular data have revealed that only two sections are natural (monophyletic), namely the Caribbean section Brunfelsia and a common section for all South American species. Linnaeus named the genus for the early German herbalist Otto Brunfels (1488–1534).

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Brunfelsia", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (2,213 mm of 2,992 mm) takes 8 months, February to June and October to December. Mean temperature moves 1.6 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

2,992 mm in the median year at the habitat, 2,213 mm of it February to June and October to December. Wettest month April at 338 mm, driest month August at 177 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,532 mm to 4,740 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 3,143 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 2,992 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 24 to 32 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 22, the highest 90th-percentile month 37).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 18.2 °C, the absolute minimum 16.7 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 34.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 19.5 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range 13.8 °C to 21.4 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 27.3 °C in February, March and October (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 18.2 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 67 to 70% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -167 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Brunfelsia grandiflora through the yearWarmest months January, February, March, April, May, August, September, October, November and December, mean daily high 27 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low 19.5 °C; 2,992 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.10°15°20°25°30°35°40°34.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER16.7° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500600mm rainDLI 24–32RH 67–70%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 98 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C27 / 21–3027 / 21–3027 / 21–3027 / 21–2927 / 21–2826 / 21–2826 / 20–2827 / 21–2927 / 21–3027 / 20–3027 / 20–2927 / 20–29
Night °C21 / 14–2321 / 14–2321 / 15–2321 / 15–2321 / 15–2220 / 14–2220 / 14–2120 / 14–2220 / 14–2220 / 14–2321 / 14–2321 / 14–23
Rain mm194 / 76–434241 / 117–443298 / 172–510338 / 167–589327 / 125–492258 / 88–491190 / 60–402177 / 51–329218 / 79–322266 / 118–385263 / 132–420222 / 104–397
DLI32 / 22–3531 / 24–3530 / 25–3427 / 24–3225 / 22–3024 / 22–3026 / 23–3230 / 24–3532 / 24–3732 / 24–3630 / 23–3331 / 22–34
RH %67 / 61–7468 / 62–7269 / 63–7370 / 65–7370 / 65–7470 / 64–7469 / 63–7368 / 61–7369 / 62–7370 / 64–7470 / 65–7469 / 64–74
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 98 grid cells holding the 116 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1805:2015 (-0.275, -79.225). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 16.7 °C, 1st-percentile night 18.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 34.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 98 distinct grid cells holding 116 of the 116 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1805:2015 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -0.50_-79.375, lapse-corrected -167 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 462 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeVenezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil North · introduced: Madagascar · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-0.483, -77.35 · in the densest population, 105 records (23% of those in range)
Kew's description“shrub or tree” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 463 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 116 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 367 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 91 km away. 40 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 347 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 463 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Brunfelsia grandiflora, photograph 1did not loadBrunfelsia grandiflora, photograph 2did not loadBrunfelsia grandiflora, photograph 3did not loadBrunfelsia grandiflora, photograph 4did not loadBrunfelsia grandiflora, photograph 5did not loadBrunfelsia grandiflora, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Eduardo Chacón Madrigal, some rights reserved (CC BY) (6).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Urera laciniata Urera laciniata Urticaceae Photo: CC BY, Eric SchmidtCalliandra angustifolia Calliandra angustifolia Fabaceae Photo: CC BY, Jared ShormaRodriguezia lanceolata Rodriguezia lanceolata Orchidaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedFicus subulata Ficus subulata Moraceae Photo: CC BY, portioidMaxillaria splendens Maxillaria splendens Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY, Frank DietzeAechmea angustifolia Aechmea angustifolia Bromeliaceae Photo: CC BY, Natan Gabriel

Other Brunfelsia 11 in the reference

Brunfelsia americana Brunfelsia americana Lady of the night Photo: CC BY, Guillaume DelaitreBrunfelsia australis Brunfelsia australis Paraguay jasmine Photo: CC BY, David F. BelmonteBrunfelsia brasiliensis Brunfelsia brasiliensis Solanaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, *Spatz* at de.wikipediaBrunfelsia densifolia Brunfelsia densifolia Serpentine Hill raintree Photo: CC BY, Giovanny VargasBrunfelsia lactea Brunfelsia lactea Vega blanca Photo: CC0, author not statedBrunfelsia latifolia Brunfelsia latifolia Solanaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, IxitixelBrunfelsia nitida Brunfelsia nitida Cuban raintree Photo: CC BY, Scott Zona from Miami, Florida, USABrunfelsia pauciflora Brunfelsia pauciflora Brazil raintree Photo: CC BY, Ben CostamagnaBrunfelsia portoricensis Brunfelsia portoricensis Puerto Rico raintree Photo: CC BY, Cricket RaspetBrunfelsia undulata Brunfelsia undulata Jamaican raintree Photo: CC BY-SA, Bernard LoisonBrunfelsia uniflora Brunfelsia uniflora Manaca Photo: CC BY, Diogo Luiz

Names & registers

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Solanaceae
Described by
D.Don
Native to
Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia +3
Wild records
463 in range · 367 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 19 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (16 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a herbarium, 2 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -0.50_-79.375, lapse-corrected -167 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 60 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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