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Campanula jacobaea; photograph (c) Milan Chytrý, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Milan Chytrý, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2023-02-16

Campanula jacobaea C.Sm. ex Webb

Cape Verde Blue Bellflower

Campanulaceae · Cape Verde

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Campanula jacobaea, photograph (c) Milan Chytrý, some rights reserved (CC BY)Campanula jacobaea, photograph Joris Rombaut, CC BY-SA, via GBIFCampanula jacobaea, photograph KP Laer, CC BY-SA, via GBIFCampanula jacobaea, photograph Loidi Javier, CC BY-SA, via GBIFCampanula jacobaea, photograph Loidi Javier, CC BY-SA, via GBIFCampanula jacobaea, photograph Loidi Javier, CC BY-SA, via GBIF 12 photographs ›
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Coldest month, mean nightly low
19.4°C
Feb at the habitat, not a floor; extremes not used (sea cell) CHELSA
Warmest month, mean daily high
27°C
Sep and Oct at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
228mm
3 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
30–47DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes August to September, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 6 records in 6 grid cells. The records.

Summary

Campanula jacobaea is a species of flowering plants of the Campanulaceae family. The species is endemic to Cape Verde and is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN. Its local name is contra-bruxas-azul ("blue against witches"). The plant is used in traditional medicine. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Campanula jacobaea", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Campanula

Campanula is the type genus of the Campanulaceae family of flowering plants. Campanula are commonly known as bellflowers and take both their common and scientific names from the bell-shaped flowers—campanula is Latin for "little bell".

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Campanula", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (164 mm of 230 mm) falls in August to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 24.9 °C against a yearly mean of 23.0 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: February to March.

Rain

230 mm in the median year at the habitat, 164 mm of it August to September. Wettest month September at 85 mm, driest months (4 at 1 mm); 6 months under 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 175 mm to 272 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 228 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 230 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 30 to 47 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 27, the highest 90th-percentile month 47).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 19.4 °C in February (across the grid cells of the range 19.2 °C to 20.0 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 26.6 °C in September (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: none read. The nearest figure is 19.4 °C, the coldest month's mean nightly low, February, in the median year (CHELSA); a month's mean of its nightly lows is warmer than the nights a floor is read from. The daily extremes were read at a weather cell that is mostly sea and are not used.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 60 to 69% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. No cold floor is read without a daily extremes series; the coldest month's mean nightly low named in its sentence is not one. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 6 records in 6 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Campanula jacobaea through the yearWarmest months September and October, mean daily high 27 °C; coldest month February, mean nightly low 19.4 °C; 230 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.15°20°25°30°°C · day and nightcold quarter0255075100125mm rainDLI 30–47RH 60–69%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 6 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C23 / 21–2423 / 21–2423 / 21–2524 / 22–2525 / 22–2625 / 23–2726 / 24–2726 / 25–2827 / 25–2827 / 25–2826 / 24–2724 / 22–25
Night °C20 / 19–2019 / 19–2020 / 19–2021 / 20–2121 / 21–2222 / 21–2323 / 23–2324 / 23–2424 / 24–2524 / 23–2423 / 22–2321 / 21–22
Rain mm5 / 4–73 / 3–41 / 1–21 / 1–21113 / 10–1479 / 39–9785 / 69–10431 / 23–367 / 6–133 / 3–10
DLI32 / 29–3337 / 34–3843 / 41–4446 / 43–4647 / 45–4745 / 44–4642 / 41–4240 / 39–4039 / 38–4037 / 35–3833 / 31–3530 / 27–31
RH %60 / 59–6260 / 57–6260 / 57–6361 / 61–6462 / 61–6564 / 63–6669 / 64–7169 / 64–7369 / 64–7266 / 63–6762 / 61–6362 / 60–63

The daily extremes were read at a NASA POWER cell that is 44% land: neither it nor the next candidates whose coldest month's mean nightly low is within 2 °C of the median across cells sit in a POWER cell that is mostly land, and the rule reads a cold floor only from a cell that is mostly land, so none is read for this species. Nor is the coldest month's mean nightly low taken as one: it is a mean of a month's lows, not its coldest night. What that cell gave over 44 years: absolute minimum 14.0 °C, 1st-percentile night 15.1 °C, 99th-percentile day 24.7 °C.

How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 6 grid cells holding the 6 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1457:3099 (17.125, -25.025). Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 6 distinct grid cells holding 6 of the 6 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1457:3099 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells, though its NASA POWER cell is only 44% land and none of the 5 next candidates within 2 °C of the median was mostly land); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 17.00_-25.000, lapse-corrected +552 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 651 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeCape Verde · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker15.167, -23.7 · in the densest population, 22 records (92% of those in range)
Kew's description“biennial or perennial” · “subtropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 24 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 6 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 16 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 5 km away. 4 records outside the WCVP native range not used. Under a dozen records behind the climate. 18 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 24 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Campanula jacobaea, photograph 1did not loadCampanula jacobaea, photograph 2did not loadCampanula jacobaea, photograph 3did not loadCampanula jacobaea, photograph 4did not loadCampanula jacobaea, photograph 5did not loadCampanula jacobaea, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Milan Chytrý, some rights reserved (CC BY); Joris Rombaut, CC BY-SA, via GBIF; KP Laer, CC BY-SA, via GBIF; Loidi Javier, CC BY-SA, via GBIF (3).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Euphorbia tuckeyana Euphorbia tuckeyana Euphorbiaceae Photo: CC BY, Julius PEchium hypertropicum Echium hypertropicum Boraginaceae Photo: CC BY, Julius PGlobularia amygdalifolia Globularia amygdalifolia Plantaginaceae Photo: CC BY, dphoneCynanchum daltonii Cynanchum daltonii Apocynaceae Photo: CC BY, Malcolm GouldEchium stenosiphon Echium stenosiphon Boraginaceae Photo: CC BY, Julius PDracaena caboverdeana Dracaena caboverdeana Asparagaceae Photo: CC BY, William Stephens

Other Campanula 129 in the reference

Campanula ajugifolia Campanula ajugifolia Campanulaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Serdar ÖlezCampanula alaskana Campanula alaskana Alaskan bellflower Photo: CC BY, scottj800Campanula alata Campanula alata Campanulaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Michael Wolf (Webseite)Campanula alliariifolia Campanula alliariifolia Cornish bellflower Photo: CC0, author not statedCampanula alpestris Campanula alpestris Large-flowered Bellflower Photo: CC BY, Antoine ThivolleCampanula alpina Campanula alpina Alpine Bellflower Photo: CC0, author not statedCampanula andrewsii Campanula andrewsii Campanulaceae Photo: CC BY, BobCampanula armena Campanula armena Campanulaceae Photo: CC BY, Andre HosperCampanula arvatica Campanula arvatica Orviedo Bellflower Photo: CC BY-SA, Jan VršovskýCampanula asperuloides Campanula asperuloides Bellflower Photo: CC BY-SA, Ghislain118 (AD)…Campanula autraniana Campanula autraniana Autran's Campanula Photo: CC BY, Илья РуденкоCampanula barbata Campanula barbata Bearded bellflower Photo: CC BY, Antoine Thivolle all 130 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Campanula jacobaea var. hispida. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Campanulaceae
Described by
C.Sm. ex Webb
Native to
Cape Verde
Wild records
24 in range · 16 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 17.00_-25.000, lapse-corrected +552 m at 6.5 °C/km; read, and set aside: NASA POWER's cell is mostly sea (44% land), so no cold floor is shown
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 10 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

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