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Costus afer; photograph (c) Philippe Hornus, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Philippe Hornus, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2017-11-10

Costus afer Ker Gawl.

Spiral-ginger

Costaceae · Benin, Burkina +26 · listed by its genus as a tropical foliage plant

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Costus afer, photograph (c) Philippe Hornus, some rights reserved (CC BY)Costus afer, photograph (c) Philippe Hornus, some rights reserved (CC BY)Costus afer, photograph (c) Philippe Hornus, some rights reserved (CC BY)Costus afer, photograph (c) Philippe Hornus, some rights reserved (CC BY)Costus afer, photograph (c) Philippe Hornus, some rights reserved (CC BY)Costus afer, photograph (c) Philippe Hornus, some rights reserved (CC BY) 24 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
17.0°C
Record low 13.1 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
33°C
Feb at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,417mm
10 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
25–36DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
A sharp rainy season, May to October (the habitat's months, not shifted), in a year of even temperature. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Costus afer, English ginger lily or common ginger lily, is a species of plant native to Tropical Africa.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Costus afer", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Costus

Costus is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants in the family Costaceae, described by Linnaeus in 1753. It is widespread through tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Costus", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Grouped as a tropical foliage plant, listed under the genus Costus in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “rhizomatous geophyte”, “seasonally dry tropical”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,258 mm of 1,584 mm) falls in May to October. The temperature curve is flat, 3.1 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

1,584 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,258 mm of it May to October. Wettest month August at 260 mm, driest month January at 13 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,131 mm to 2,851 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,417 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,584 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 25 to 36 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 22, the highest 90th-percentile month 42).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 17.0 °C, the absolute minimum 13.1 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 36.5 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 21.4 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 18.4 °C to 23.9 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 33.0 °C in February (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 17.0 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 59 to 69% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +1 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the genus Costus in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “rhizomatous geophyte”, “seasonally dry tropical”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Costus afer through the yearWarmest month February, mean daily high 33 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 21.4 °C; 1,584 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.10°15°20°25°30°35°40°36.5° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER13.1° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 25–36RH 59–69%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 226 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C32 / 29–3533 / 29–3632 / 29–3731 / 29–3630 / 28–3329 / 27–3128 / 26–2928 / 26–2928 / 27–3029 / 27–3131 / 28–3431 / 29–34
Night °C21 / 18–2423 / 20–2524 / 22–2524 / 22–2523 / 22–2523 / 21–2422 / 20–2322 / 20–2322 / 20–2322 / 21–2422 / 20–2422 / 19–24
Rain mm13 / 1–5131 / 3–6580 / 17–155136 / 68–207179 / 124–292206 / 130–352222 / 113–482260 / 74–385219 / 139–457172 / 80–35450 / 7–14116 / 2–79
DLI35 / 32–3936 / 33–4135 / 31–4234 / 29–4031 / 27–3628 / 24–3225 / 22–3025 / 23–3027 / 24–3330 / 25–3631 / 29–3832 / 30–37
RH %59 / 37–6561 / 38–6563 / 47–6766 / 56–6967 / 62–7068 / 64–7168 / 65–7169 / 66–7169 / 66–7168 / 62–7166 / 49–6963 / 40–66

Records on both sides of the equator: the 6 cells at least 10° south of it have seasons six months apart and are left out, not combined into a year no place has. These figures are across the 226 cells that remain: the 20 at least 10° north and the 206 within 10° of the equator, which stay in either way.

How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 226 grid cells holding the 297 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1660:3616 (6.975, 0.825). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 13.1 °C, 1st-percentile night 17.0 °C, 99th-percentile day 36.5 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 226 distinct grid cells holding 297 of the 303 in-range records on the northern side of the equator (20 cells poleward of 10° north, 6 poleward of 10° south: the two sides' seasons are not combined, and cells within 10° of the equator stay in); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1660:3616 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 7.00_0.625, lapse-corrected +1 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 256 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeBenin, Burkina, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Burundi, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gulf of Guinea Is., Zaïre, Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker6.949, 2.12 · in the densest population, 243 records (37% of those in range)
Kew's description“rhizomatous geophyte” · “seasonally dry tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 659 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 297 of them in the land cells it reads, of 303 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 625 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker in the same place. 7 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 356 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 11276595 (Costus afer KerGawl.): Kew's file holds it as Costus afer Ker Gawl. (accepted); 0 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 659 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Costus afer, photograph 1did not loadCostus afer, photograph 2did not loadCostus afer, photograph 3did not loadCostus afer, photograph 4did not loadCostus afer, photograph 5did not loadCostus afer, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Philippe Hornus, some rights reserved (CC BY) (6).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Ficus exasperata Ficus exasperata Moraceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Dinesh ValkeVoacanga africana Voacanga africana Small-fruit wild frangipani Photo: CC BY, i_c_riddellEuclinia longiflora Euclinia longiflora Rubiaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, 阿橋 HQCrinum jagus Crinum jagus Rattrayii Crinum Photo: CC BY, DoreenNapoleonaea imperialis Napoleonaea imperialis Napoleon's Hat Tree Photo: Public domain, PiPiDracaena perrottetii Dracaena perrottetii Asparagaceae Photo: CC0, author not stated

Other Costus 40 in the reference

Costus acreanus Costaceae Costus allenii Costus allenii Costaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, David J. StangCostus amazonicus Costus amazonicus Costaceae Photo: CC BY, Dick Culbert from Gibsons, B.C., CanadaCostus arabicus Costus arabicus Costaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Divya MudappaCostus atlanticus Costus atlanticus Costaceae Photo: CC BY, Diogo LuizCostus barbatus Costus barbatus Costaceae Photo: CC BY, Eduardo Chacón MadrigalCostus claviger Costus claviger Costaceae Photo: CC BY, thomas_oswaldCostus comosus Costus comosus Red tower ginger Photo: CC BY, Thomas MesaglioCostus curvibracteatus Costus curvibracteatus Costaceae Photo: CC BY, Ong Jyh SengCostus dirzoi Costus dirzoi Costaceae Photo: CC BY, Alexis López HernándezCostus dubius Costus dubius Costus Photo: CC BY, Kevin FaccendaCostus elegans Costus elegans Costaceae Photo: CC BY, Juan Martínez Reina all 41 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Costus anomocalyx; Costus bingervillensis; Costus deistelii; Costus edulis; Costus insularis and 8 more. (GBIF Backbone)

Under another author Costus lucanusianus A.Chev., 1920 is an older name of this species, not Costus lucanusianus, a species of the reference. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Costaceae
Described by
Ker Gawl.
Native to
Benin, Burkina, Ghana +25
Wild records
659 in range · 625 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredasked 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 0 records of GBIF's key 11276595, Costus afer KerGawl. (Kew's file holds it as Costus afer Ker Gawl. (accepted)): GBIF occurrence search API; 6 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (5 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 7.00_0.625, lapse-corrected +1 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 80 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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