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Encephalartos trispinosus; photograph (c) Henry de Lange, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Henry de Lange, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-03-28

Encephalartos trispinosus (Hook.f.) R.A.Dyer

Bushman's River cycad

Zamiaceae · Cape Provinces

Cited as Kew's World Checklist cites it, Encephalartos trispinosus (Hook.f.) R.A.Dyer: GBIF's backbone key for this page carries the name with another author, (Hook.) R.A.Dyer.

No habitat climate
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Encephalartos trispinosus, photograph (c) Henry de Lange, some rights reserved (CC BY)Encephalartos trispinosus, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedEncephalartos trispinosus, photograph (c) Henry de Lange, some rights reserved (CC BY)Encephalartos trispinosus, photograph (c) Justin Ponder, some rights reserved (CC BY)Encephalartos trispinosus, photograph (c) Henry de Lange, some rights reserved (CC BY)Encephalartos trispinosus, photograph (c) Henry de Lange, some rights reserved (CC BY) 20 photographs ›

Summary

Encephalartos trispinosus is a species of cycad that is native to the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Encephalartos trispinosus", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Encephalartos

Encephalartos is a genus of cycad native to Africa. Several species of Encephalartos are commonly referred to as bread trees, or bread palms since a bread-like starchy food can be prepared from the centre of the stem. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ἐγκέφαλος, meaning "head", and ἄρτος, meaning "bread", referring to the use of the pith to make food. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Encephalartos", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Nothing derived: no habitat climate for this species.

Climate across the habitat

No habitat climate can be derived: 40 in-range records, none placed to within 10 km. 40 of the 40 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or to no stated accuracy and fewer than three decimals or by something other than a person's observation, and cannot place a climate cell, though they count for the map and its marker.

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeCape Provinces · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-33.479, 27.075 · in the densest population, 37 records (93% of those in range)
Kew's description“shrub” · “subtropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 40 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 14 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 21 km away. 4 records outside the WCVP native range not used. No climate across the range is derived for this species. 40 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 40 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Encephalartos trispinosus, photograph 1did not loadEncephalartos trispinosus, photograph 2did not loadEncephalartos trispinosus, photograph 3did not loadEncephalartos trispinosus, photograph 4did not loadEncephalartos trispinosus, photograph 5did not loadEncephalartos trispinosus, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Henry de Lange, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4); author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0; (c) Justin Ponder, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Other Encephalartos 48 in the reference

Encephalartos aemulans Encephalartos aemulans Ngotshe Cycad Photo: CC BY-SA, andy_king50 Encephalartos afer Zamiaceae Encephalartos altensteinii Encephalartos altensteinii Eastern Cape Cycad Photo: CC BY, Henry de LangeEncephalartos aplanatus Encephalartos aplanatus Cycad Photo: CC BY-SA, andy_king50Encephalartos arenarius Encephalartos arenarius Alexandria Cycad Photo: CC BY-SA, J BrewEncephalartos barteri Encephalartos barteri Cycad Photo: CC BY-SA, C T JohanssonEncephalartos bubalinus Encephalartos bubalinus Lake Natron Cycad Photo: CC BY-SA, DryasEncephalartos cerinus Encephalartos cerinus Waxen Cycad Photo: CC BY-SA, andy_king50Encephalartos chimanimaniensis Encephalartos chimanimaniensis Chimanimani Cycad Photo: CC BY-SA, andy_king50Encephalartos concinnus Encephalartos concinnus Runde Cycad Photo: CC BY-SA, J BrewEncephalartos cupidus Encephalartos cupidus Blyde River Cycad Photo: CC BY-SA, User:BotBln Encephalartos dyerianus Lowveld Cycad all 49 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Encephalartos horridus subsp. trispinosus; Encephalartos horridus var. trispinosus. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Zamiaceae
Described by
(Hook.f.) R.A.Dyer
Native to
Cape Provinces
Wild records
40 in range · 14 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22GBIF's key 2683797 is Encephalartos trispinosus (Hook.) R.A.Dyer; the page links Kew's Encephalartos trispinosus (Hook.f.) R.A.Dyer, and the name is cited as Kew cites it
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 8 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (7 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate nothing to reportasked 2026-10-2240 in-range records, none placed to within 10 km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rules
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 5 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

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