17 photographs › At a glance
- Jan, shaded
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- May, shaded
- Jun
- Jul
- Aug
- Sep
- Oct, shaded
- Nov
- Dec, shaded
Summary
Ficus dammaropsis, the highland breadfruit, locally called kapiak in Tok Pisin, is a tropical dioecious evergreen fig (subgenus Sycamorus), of the family Moraceae, with huge pleated leaves 60 cm (24 in) across and up to 90 cm (3 ft) in length. on petioles as much as 32 cm (13 in) long and 2.5 cm (0.98 in) thick. These emerge from a stipular sheath up to 38 cm (15 in) long, the largest of any dicot. It is native to the highlands and highland fringe of New Guinea. It generally grows at elevations of between 850 and 2,750 metres (2,790 and 9,020 ft). More on Wikipedia ›
Quoted from Wikipedia, "Ficus dammaropsis", CC BY-SA 4.0.
About the genus · Ficus
Ficus is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semi-warm temperate zone. Many Ficus species are grown for their fruits, though only two species, the common fig and sycamore fig, are cultivated to any extent, with common fig being the type species and by far the most important. More on Wikipedia ›
Quoted from Wikipedia, "Ficus", CC BY-SA 4.0.
Cultivation
Grouped as a tropical foliage plant, listed under the genus Ficus in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “tree”, “wet tropical”.
Seasons
The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the median year's rain (2,290 mm of 3,244 mm) falls in December to May and October. The temperature curve is flat, 1.9 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.
Rain
3,244 mm in the median year at the habitat, 2,290 mm of it December to May and October. Wettest month March at 402 mm, driest month July at 149 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,908 mm to 8,165 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 3,449 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 3,244 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.
Light
Open sky over the habitat: 26 to 33 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 21, the highest 90th-percentile month 36).
Warmth and air
Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 11.9 °C, the absolute minimum 7.7 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 27.9 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 13.5 °C in September (across the grid cells of the range 8.4 °C to 22.1 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 22.7 °C in November (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 11.9 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).
Relative humidity at the habitat: 69 to 71% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.
How this section is made
Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.
Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.
Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.
Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.
Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -77 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.
Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.
Group. Listed under the genus Ficus in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “tree”, “wet tropical”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.
Climate across the habitat
Habitat months, southern hemisphere
Mean daily high from 21 °C in Jun, Jul and Aug to 23 °C in Jan, Nov and Dec; mean nightly low from 14 °C in Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep and Oct to 15 °C in Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Nov and Dec. The cold quarter, Jul to Sep, is the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low, centred on the 5 months in a row that tie for it. 3,244 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added), the wettest month Mar. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 33 habitat cells. Over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER) the absolute minimum was 7.7 °C and the 99th-percentile day 27.9 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.
Figures by month
| Figure | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day °C | 23 / 17–29 | 22 / 17–29 | 22 / 17–29 | 22 / 17–29 | 22 / 17–28 | 21 / 17–28 | 21 / 16–28 | 21 / 16–28 | 22 / 17–28 | 22 / 17–29 | 23 / 17–29 | 23 / 17–29 |
| Night °C | 15 / 9–23 | 15 / 10–23 | 15 / 10–23 | 15 / 10–23 | 15 / 9–23 | 14 / 9–22 | 14 / 9–22 | 14 / 9–22 | 14 / 8–22 | 14 / 9–22 | 15 / 9–23 | 15 / 9–23 |
| Rain mm | 342 / 175–734 | 344 / 181–746 | 402 / 198–798 | 327 / 173–733 | 268 / 145–702 | 184 / 97–668 | 149 / 103–609 | 154 / 110–635 | 211 / 138–683 | 274 / 153–616 | 256 / 142–525 | 333 / 191–717 |
| DLI | 30 / 25–36 | 30 / 25–36 | 30 / 25–36 | 28 / 25–33 | 28 / 25–31 | 26 / 22–30 | 27 / 21–30 | 29 / 23–32 | 32 / 27–35 | 33 / 29–36 | 33 / 28–35 | 31 / 26–35 |
| RH % | 69 / 66–72 | 69 / 66–72 | 70 / 67–72 | 71 / 68–73 | 71 / 69–74 | 70 / 68–75 | 70 / 68–76 | 69 / 67–75 | 69 / 66–73 | 69 / 66–72 | 69 / 66–72 | 70 / 66–72 |
How this section is made
Natural habitat
How this section is made
Photographs
Photographs: (c) avocat, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Jay Pruett, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) tlaloc27, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); Kahuroa, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons (2).
Related
Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.
Dendrobium subacaule Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY, Shawn O'Donnell
Begonia parviflora Begoniaceae Photo: CC BY, biped_cub
Psammisia coarctata Ericaceae Photo: CC0, Manuel Roncal Coelogyne bracteosa Orchidaceae 
Dendrobium finisterrae Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Orchi
Begonia multangula Begoniaceae Photo: CC BY, Ganjar CahyadiOther Ficus 157 in the reference
Ficus abutilifolia Large-leaved Rock Fig Photo: CC0, author not stated
Ficus altissima False banyan Photo: CC BY, Jaro Guzinski
Ficus americana Jamaican cherry fig Photo: CC BY, Guillaume Delaitre
Ficus ampelos Moraceae Photo: CC BY, 黃美滿
Ficus amplissima Indian Bat Fig Photo: CC BY, rajesh rocky
Ficus annulata Moraceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Ong Jyh Seng
Ficus arnottiana Indian Rock Fig Photo: CC BY, rajesh rocky
Ficus aspera Mosaic fig Photo: CC BY-SA, Stan Shebs
Ficus aurea Florida strangler Photo: CC BY, Tom Field
Ficus auriculata Roxburgh fig Photo: CC BY, Sagnik Dutta Roy
Ficus barteri Moraceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Ji-Elle
Ficus benghalensis Indian banyan Photo: CC BY, Sayee Girdhari all 158 ›Names & registers
Also known as Dammaropsis kingiana; Ficus dammaropsis var. obtusa. (GBIF Backbone)
The record
Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →
Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 11 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (9 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 2 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)climate answeredasked 2026-10-22climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -6.50_145.625, lapse-corrected -77 m at 6.5 °C/kmwikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22inat.photos.cultivated not askedgbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rulescommons answeredasked 2026-10-22openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshotEvery source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 14 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.