Species
+

Ficus racemosa L.

cluster fig, cluster fig, clustertree, country fig

Climate known 57 photographs Tropical foliage plant
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Ficus racemosa, the cluster fig, red river fig, udumbara, audumbara, or gular, is a species of plant in the mulberry family Moraceae. It is native to tropical Asia and Australia. It is a fast-growing plant with large, very coarse leaves, attaining the size of a large shrub or even larger in old specimens. A distinctive feature of its growth habit is the cauliflorous nature of its fruiting, where the syconia (figs) grow in dense clusters directly from the trunk and larger branches. More on Wikipedia ›

The opening of Wikipedia, “Ficus racemosa”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Ficus

Ficus is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semi-warm temperate zone. Many Ficus species are grown for their fruits, though only two species, the common fig and sycamore fig, are cultivated to any extent, with common fig being the type species and by far the most important. More on Wikipedia ›

The opening of Wikipedia, “Ficus”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Moraceae
Described by
L.
Native to
China South-Central, China Southeast, Assam +23
Wild records
845 in range· 641 open

At a glance

Warmest month
32°C
Apr, mean day; nights 23 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
938mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Aug 128 mm (CHELSA)
Light
29–39DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Grouped as a tropical foliage plant by the genus Ficus, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). Rain rule: a sharp rainy season, April and June to November at the habitat (not shifted); the temperature curve is flat (2.9 °C of range), so no growing season is inferred. Habitat rain 938 mm a year, wettest August at 128 mm, driest January at 31 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 29 to 39 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 12 °C (archetype minimum for a tropical foliage plant, above the 11.9 °C habitat night).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Covellia glomerata (Roxb.) Miq.; Covellia mollis Miq.; Ficus acidula King; Ficus chittagonga Miq.; Ficus glomerata Roxb. and 18 more.

Cultivation

Grouped as a tropical foliage plant by the genus Ficus, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). The table supplies one figure for this group, a conventional minimum for the cold floor, and no prose.

Its year Rain rule: a sharp rainy season, April and June to November at the habitat (not shifted); the temperature curve is flat (2.9 °C of range), so no growing season is inferred.

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the year's rain (689 mm of 938 mm) falls in April and June to November. The temperature curve is flat, 2.9 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; with a flat temperature curve there is no season to reverse, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 938 mm a year, wettest August at 128 mm, driest January at 31 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

938 mm a year at the habitat, 689 mm of it April and June to November. Wettest month August at 128 mm, driest January at 31 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 768 mm to 3110 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 29 to 39 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 29 to 39 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 23, the highest 90th-percentile month 46).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 12 °C (archetype minimum for a tropical foliage plant, above the 11.9 °C habitat night).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 11.9 °C, the absolute minimum 6.9 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 41.6 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 20.6 °C in August (across the envelope cells 15.6 °C to 25.0 °C), warmest day 32.3 °C in April (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 12 °C. The habitat figure, the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER), is 11.9 °C; the archetype table's conventional minimum for a tropical foliage plant (grouped by the genus Ficus, which is reliably one kind of plant) is 12 °C, which is higher, and the floor rule takes the higher.

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence, and the archetype table's group minimum where that is higher. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 58 to 63% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 28 °C in Jul to 32 °C in Apr; mean night from 21 °C in Aug to 23 °C in Mar. The cold quarter, Jul to Sep, is the three months around the coldest night. 938 mm of rain a year, most in Aug. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 632 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 6.9 °C and the 99th-percentile day 41.6 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.10°20°30°40°50°41.6° 99th-percentile day (undated)6.9° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter02004006008001000mm rainDLI 29–39RH 58–63 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 632 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C29 / 24–3330 / 26–3332 / 27–3532 / 26–3631 / 25–3729 / 23–3328 / 22–3228 / 23–3229 / 25–3529 / 26–3729 / 25–3729 / 24–35
Night °C22 / 12–2522 / 14–2523 / 17–2523 / 19–2622 / 18–2621 / 15–2721 / 14–2521 / 16–2522 / 18–2422 / 18–2522 / 16–2522 / 13–25
Rain mm31 / 2–37938 / 1–36362 / 4–29864 / 7–19254 / 8–25589 / 2–637118 / 2–849128 / 1–552124 / 4–34383 / 21–32183 / 17–22464 / 6–272
DLI35 / 28–4037 / 31–4039 / 33–4438 / 31–4635 / 27–4431 / 24–3529 / 23–3531 / 23–3935 / 28–4334 / 29–4532 / 27–4533 / 26–43
RH %59 / 51–6760 / 48–6759 / 46–6658 / 45–6659 / 45–6761 / 47–7163 / 45–7263 / 45–7263 / 47–7060 / 47–6859 / 50–6659 / 50–66

Each figure is the median across the 632 grid cells holding the 829 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 2070:6246 (-13.525, 132.325). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 6.9 °C, 1st-percentile night 11.9 °C, 99th-percentile day 41.6 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 632 distinct grid cells holding the 829 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2070:6246 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -13.50_132.500, lapse-corrected -5 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 188 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeChina South-Central, China Southeast, Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya, Andaman Is., Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Sulawesi, Sumatera, New Guinea, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia
Kew's description“tree” · “seasonally dry tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker10.193, 76.387 · in the densest population, 376 records (44% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 845 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 641 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 285 km away. 8 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 16 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 845 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Ficus racemosaFicus racemosaFicus racemosaFicus racemosaFicus racemosaFicus racemosaFicus racemosaFicus racemosa

Photographs: no rights reserved · CC0 (3); (c) Raja Sekhar Chimirala, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4); (c) renjus box, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Ficus racemosa, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Plant Medicines of Indian Origin for Wound Healing Activity: A Review
Tuhin Kanti Biswas, Biswapati Mukherjee (2003) · The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds
In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Ficus racemosa L. bark using albumin denaturation method
Nishantha Kumarasinghe, Sharmila Dharmadeva, LahiruSandaruwan Galgamuwa, C Prasadinie (2018) · AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda)
Herbal medicines for wound healing among tribal people in Southern India: Ethnobotanical and Scientific evidences
Muniappan Ayyanar, S. Ignacimuthu (2009) · International journal of applied research in natural products
What are the common anthracnose pathogens of tropical fruits?
Dhanushka Udayanga, Dimuthu S. Manamgoda, Xingzhong Liu, Ekachai Chukeatirote (2013) · Fungal Diversity
Antibacterial Activities of Some Medicinal Plants of the Western Region of India
Rathish Nair, Sumitra Chanda (2007) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
Private channel: a single unusual compound assures specific pollinator attraction in Ficus semicordata
Chun Chen, Qishi Song, Magali Proffit, Jean‐Marie Bessière (2009) · Functional Ecology
Larvicidal activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using bark aqueous extract of Ficus racemosa against Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex gelidus
Kanayairam Velayutham, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Govindasamy Rajakumar, Selvaraj Mohana Roopan (2013) · Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine
Traditional medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes in rural and urban areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh – an ethnobotanical survey
Soeren Ocvirk, Martin Kistler, Shusmita Khan, Shamim Hayder Talukder (2013) · Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
Ficus racemosa Stem Bark Extract: A Potent Antioxidant and a Probable Natural Radioprotector
Veeresh Prabhakar Veerapur, K Prabhakar, Vipan K. Parihar, Machendar Reddy Kandadi (2007) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Ficus 18 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not asked
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 46 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.