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Galanthus reginae-olgae; photograph (c) mrsnowdrop, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) mrsnowdrop, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-01-06

Galanthus reginae-olgae Orph.

Queen Olga's snowdrop

Amaryllidaceae · Greece, Sicilia +1 · listed by its genus as a bulb, tuber or caudex

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Galanthus reginae-olgae, photograph (c) mrsnowdrop, some rights reserved (CC BY)Galanthus reginae-olgae, photograph (c) mrsnowdrop, some rights reserved (CC BY)Galanthus reginae-olgae, photograph (c) mrsnowdrop, some rights reserved (CC BY)Galanthus reginae-olgae, photograph (c) mrsnowdrop, some rights reserved (CC BY)Galanthus reginae-olgae, photograph (c) mrsnowdrop, some rights reserved (CC BY)Galanthus reginae-olgae, photograph (c) mrsnowdrop, some rights reserved (CC BY) 54 photographs ›
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-5.5°C
Record low -10.0 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
25°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,009mm
9 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
13–48DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes October to February, read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 10 records in 10 grid cells. The records.

Summary

Galanthus reginae-olgae, Queen Olga's snowdrop, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to Sicily and the west and north-west Balkans (parts of Greece and the former Yugoslavia). Some variants produce their pendant white flowers in autumn, others in winter and early spring. It is cultivated as ornamental bulbous plant, preferring warmer situations in the garden than other species of Galanthus (snowdrops).

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Galanthus reginae-olgae", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Galanthus

Galanthus, or snowdrop, is a small genus of approximately 20 species of bulbous perennial herbaceous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae. The plants have two linear leaves and a single small white drooping bell-shaped flower with six petal-like (petaloid) tepals in two circles (whorls). The smaller inner petals have green markings.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Galanthus", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Grouped as a bulb, tuber or caudex, listed under the genus Galanthus in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “bulbous geophyte”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (645 mm of 918 mm) falls in October to February, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 8.4 °C against a yearly mean of 12.8 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: April to August.

Rain

918 mm in the median year at the habitat, 645 mm of it October to February. Wettest month November at 165 mm, driest month July at 12 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 693 mm to 1,216 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,009 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 918 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 13 to 48 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 11, the highest 90th-percentile month 49).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -5.5 °C, the absolute minimum -10.0 °C, 2,248 frost nights in 44 years, 51.1 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 34.8 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 2.0 °C in February (across the grid cells of the range -2.9 °C to 5.0 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 25.4 °C in August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -5.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 50 to 62% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +473 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the genus Galanthus in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “bulbous geophyte”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 10 records in 10 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Galanthus reginae-olgae through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 25 °C; coldest month February, mean nightly low 2.0 °C; 918 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost34.8° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-10.0° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200250mm rainDLI 13–48RH 50–62%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 10 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C8 / 6–127 / 5–1310 / 9–1513 / 12–1818 / 17–2322 / 21–2825 / 24–3125 / 24–3121 / 21–2717 / 16–2212 / 10–179 / 6–13
Night °C2 / -2–52 / -3–54 / -1–67 / 2–911 / 6–1315 / 10–1717 / 13–2018 / 13–2015 / 10–1811 / 7–147 / 3–104 / -1–7
Rain mm128 / 77–18196 / 52–12982 / 54–10460 / 47–8036 / 24–6516 / 9–5512 / 8–3618 / 14–4149 / 36–8998 / 68–133165 / 103–226158 / 120–231
DLI15 / 14–1721 / 19–2229 / 27–3037 / 35–3843 / 40–4448 / 45–4947 / 45–4742 / 41–4333 / 31–3524 / 22–2516 / 14–1713 / 11–14
RH %61 / 60–6461 / 60–6260 / 57–6158 / 53–5955 / 51–5752 / 47–5650 / 47–5352 / 48–5456 / 53–5959 / 56–6162 / 60–6462 / 61–65
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 10 grid cells holding the 10 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1062:4046 (36.875, 22.325). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -10.0 °C, 1st-percentile night -5.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 34.8 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 10 distinct grid cells holding 10 of the 10 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1062:4046 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 37.00_22.500, lapse-corrected +473 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 1024 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeGreece, Sicilia, Yugoslavia · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker42.234, 19.147 · in the densest population, 117 records (64% of those in range)
Kew's description“bulbous geophyte” · “subtropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 183 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 10 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 45 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 298 km away. 59 records outside the WCVP native range not used. Under a dozen records behind the climate. 173 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 183 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Galanthus reginae-olgae, photograph 1did not loadGalanthus reginae-olgae, photograph 2did not loadGalanthus reginae-olgae, photograph 3did not loadGalanthus reginae-olgae, photograph 4did not loadGalanthus reginae-olgae, photograph 5did not loadGalanthus reginae-olgae, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) mrsnowdrop, some rights reserved (CC BY) (6).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Aubrieta deltoidea Aubrieta deltoidea Aubretia Photo: CC BY, Joss Carr Nepeta argolica Lamiaceae Lomelosia crenata Lomelosia crenata Caprifoliaceae Photo: CC BY, Francesco SantoroSaponaria calabrica Saponaria calabrica Adriatic soapwort Photo: CC BY-SA, Gianluca Congi🪶🦆🌲Scutellaria rubicunda Scutellaria rubicunda Sicilian Skullcap Photo: CC BY, Gianmaria BonariArenaria balearica Arenaria balearica Mossy Sandwort Photo: CC0, author not stated

Other Galanthus 19 in the reference

Galanthus alpinus Galanthus alpinus Amaryllidaceae Photo: CC BY, Igor BalashovGalanthus angustifolius Galanthus angustifolius Amaryllidaceae Photo: Public domain, Karduelis Galanthus cilicicus Amaryllidaceae Galanthus elwesii Galanthus elwesii Giant snowdrop Photo: CC BY, SteveM4560 Galanthus fosteri Snowdrop Galanthus gracilis Galanthus gracilis Snowdrop Photo: CC BY, Umut Nuri Erdoğan Galanthus ikariae Amaryllidaceae Galanthus koenenianus Koenen's Snowdrop Galanthus krasnovii Snowdrop Galanthus lagodechianus Galanthus lagodechianus Amaryllidaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, PlantariumGalanthus nivalis Galanthus nivalis Snowdrop Photo: CC BY-SA, nalagtusGalanthus peshmenii Galanthus peshmenii Snowdrop Photo: CC BY, Timothey Kosachev all 20 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Galanthus nivalis subsp. reginae-olgae; Galanthus olgae. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Amaryllidaceae
Described by
Orph.
Native to
Greece, Sicilia, Yugoslavia
Wild records
183 in range · 45 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 37.00_22.500, lapse-corrected +473 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 11 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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